Swine, susceptibility

Malignant hyperthermia also occurs in swine. Susceptible animals homozygous for malignant hyperthermia respond to stress with a fatal reaction (porcine stress syndrome) similar to that exhibited by humans. If the reaction occurs prior to slaughter, it affects the quality of the pork adversely, resulting in an inferior product. Both events can result in considerable economic losses for the swine industry. 

O Brien, P.J., Kalow, B.I., Ali, N., Lassaline, L.A. and Lumsden, J.H. (1990) Compensatory increase in calcium extrusion activity of untreated lymphocytes from swine susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 51, 1038-1043. 

Signs and symptoms of sympathetic nervous system activity are invariably found in MH. Levels of catecholamines are markedly increased in MH. Whether activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a primary or a secondary response in the syndrome has not been fully elucidated. Gronert reported that stress-induced sympathetic hyperactivity can initiate a malignant hyperthermic episode in susceptible swine without a triggering agent. Stress-induced MH in humans has been inferred because susceptible families have been shown to have an increased incidence of sudden death. Gronert s reasons that activation of the sympathetic... 

Copper toxicity lends In accumulate in the liver The capacity to tolerate copper varies considerably with lhe species. Sheep arc most susceptible. Sw ine have a much grcaler tolerance and copper may be added to the swine diet lor pharmacological reasons tl or example, use as an anthelminthic lo control internal parasites)... 

Fiege, M., Wappler, F., Weisshom, R., Gerbershagen, M. U., Menge, M., and Schulte Am Esch, J. (2003). Induction of Malignant Hyperthermia in Susceptible Swine by 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine... 

Because deoxynivalenol (DON) commonly contaminates grains and swine are the most susceptible species, toxicokinetics for DON have been extensively studied in this species (Coppock et al, 1985b Prelusky et al, 1988, 1990 Prelusky and Trenholm, 1991 Goyarts and Danicke, 2006). Intravenously administered DON (1 mg/kg body weight) distributed rapidly to all tissues and body fluids, and declined to neghgible levels within 24 h except in urine and bile... 

The specificity of this enzyme from swine kidney has been established from detailed studies with synthetic substrates (reviewed by Smith and Hill, 1960). All peptide bonds formed by L-amino acids which are adjacent to a free a-amino group are susceptible to hydrolysis, although the rates of hydrolysis vary over a several thousandfold range. The best substrates are those which contain amino-terminal leucine and the poorest are those which contain the amino nitrogen of proline in peptide linkage, e.g., glycyl-proline (Hill and Schmidt, 1962). The action of leucine aminopeptidase on protein and polypeptide substrates (Hill and Smith, 1958, 1959) agrees with the specificity established with synthetic substrates. 

Such genetic mixing is thought to occur in a susceptible animal (e.g. swine) infected with both human and avian influenza strains, resulting in a strain in which the avian surface proteins have replaced those of the human strain [7, 13,21,22],... 

Chang BW, Wade PR, Pounds JG (1980) Prenatal and neonatal toxicity and pathology of heavy metals. Adv. Pharmacol. Chemother. 17 195-231 Cook JA, Hoffmann ED, DiLuzio NR (1975) Influence of lead and cadmium on the susceptibility of rats to bacterial challenge. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 150 741 Cousins RJ, Barber AK, Trout JR (1973) Cadmiiam toxicity in growing swine. J. Nutr. 103 964-972... 

Halothane or sucxinyldMlBie can interf with die sarcoplasmic reticulum s aNIity to take up calcium, triggering maEgnant hypertfiermia in susceptible swine (porcine stress syndrome). 

Swine. Major chronic disease manifestations include anorexia, unthriftiness, slow growth, icterus, mild anemia, ascites, and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. 

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