Sweetener tablets

DH Daniels, FL Joe, CR Warner, T Fazio. Liquid chromatographic determination of aspartame in dry beverage bases and sweetener tablets with confirmation by thin layer chromatography. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 67(3) 513-515, 1984. 

Non-medicinal Preparations. These include a variety of preparations such as sweetener tablets, fertiliser tablets, stink bombs, indoor fireworks, and slug pellets. 

The use of cyclamates as artificial sweetners in food, soft drinks, and artificial sweetening tablets was at one time prohibited in the UK and some other countries owing to concern about the metabolite cyclohexylamine. However, this is no longer the case, and cyclamates are now permitted for use as a food additive in Europe. 

Sweetener tablets Tabletting auxiliary According to cGMP rules... 

Fig. 6.3-15 Tabletting line for, for example, the manufacture of artificial sweetener tablets. From right to left Control panel with data recorder, rotary...

Some sweeteners (aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, and acesulfame K) were determined by CE-SIA with contactless conductivity detection (Stojkovic et al., 2013). The analyses were carried out in an aqueous running buffer consisting of 150 mM 2-(cyclo-hexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid and 400 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane at pH 9.1 in order to render all analytes in the fully deprotonated anionic form. The four compounds were determined successfully in food samples the experimental set-up and typical analysis results are illustrated in Figure 2.9. Another SIA system combined with solenoid valves was used to automate an enzymatic method for the determination of aspartame in commercial sweetener tablets. The method involves the enzymatic conversion of aspartame to hydrogen peroxide by the chymotrypsin-alcohol oxidase system, followed by the use of 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ARTS) as electron donor for peroxidase. Chymotrypsin and alcohol oxidase enzymes were immobilized on activated porous silica beads (Pena et al., 2004). 

The FI determination of acesulfame-K, cyclamate, and saccharin in wines, yogurts, diet soft drinks, and sweetener tablets was reported by Nikolelis and Pantoulias (2001). The detection was performed with filter-supported bilayer membranes from lyophilized egg phosphatidylcholine, using two Ag/AgCl reference electrodes biased by an external power supply at 25 mV. Transient electrochemical signals were recorded with a different time of appearance for each artificial sweetener after the injection of the sample into the flow stream, thus allowing their selective detection in mixtures. 

Nikolelis, D. P. and S. Pantoulias, 2001. Selective continuous monitoring and analysis of mixtures of acesulfame-K, cyclamate, and saccharin in artificial sweetener tablets, diet soft drinks, yogurts, and wines using filter-supported bilayer lipid membranes. Anal. Chem. 73 5945-5952. 

Acesulfame-K FIA Multianalyte (cyclamate, saccharin) EB Artificial sweetener tablets, diet soft drinks, wines, and yogurts No data 0.5 <6 [72]... 

Acesulfame-K SIA Multianalyte (aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin) CE-CCD Artificial sweetener tablets, soft drinks No data 3.8 1.2-2.1 [77]... 

Staining Applications Cells " beverages chewing gum candies drinks frozen products sweetener tablets dosage form sunscreen skin hairs °... 

Sucrose is still the most popular sweetener. Chew-able tablets may contain 20-60% sucrose, and liquid... 

Both solid and liquid dosage forms may contain saccharin. Saccharin is a nonnutritive sweetening agent, which is 300 times as sweet as sucrose. In a survey of sweetener content of pediatric medications, seven out of nine chewable tablets contained saccharin (0.45-8.0 mg/tablet) and sucrose or mannitol. Seventy-four of the 150 liquid preparations investigated contained saccharin (1.25-33 mg/5 mL) [62], Saccharin is a sulfanamide derivative that should be avoided in children with sulfa allergies [54],... 

Because of the high incidence of lactose intolerance in the general population, lactose is not recommended as a sweetener for pediatric populations [70]. Aspartame, a phenylalanine derivative, is incorporated in many chewable tablets and sugar-free dosage forms. Aspartame-containing products should be avoided in children with autosomal recessive phenylketonuria [54]. 

Many sweet-tasting foods and beverages, however, do not require the functionality of sucrose and sweet carbohydrates. These products are the typical fields of application of intense sweeteners. As bulk sweeteners are used for taste reasons rather than functionality these products offer possibilities to reduce calories without sacrificing any important product characteristic. Intense sweeteners are used as the sole sweetening agents in beverages, table-top sweeteners like powder or tablets, desserts and dairy products besides a variety of further areas of lesser importance. 

Sorbitol is a hexahydric alcohol that is isomeric with mannitol, and which has been described as a humectant, plasticizer, sweetening agent, and tablet and capsule diluent. It is used extensively in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries, since it has a sweet taste and approximately 50-60% the sweetness of sucrose. 

Lactose has a sweetish taste, and is used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. It is the second most widely used compound and is employed as a diluent, filler or binder in tablets, capsules and other oral product forms, a-lactose is used for the production of lactitol, which is present in diabetic products, low calorie sweeteners and slimming products. As lactose is only 30 per cent as sweet as sugar it is used as a sugar supplement, and also in food and confectionery. It is used in infant milk formulas. 

Mullarney MP, Hancock BC, Carlson GT, Ladipo DD, Langdon BA. The powder flow and compact mechanical properties of serose and three highintensity sweeteners used in chew-able tablets. Int J Pharma 2003 257 227-236... 

Take, for example, dextrose. When dextrose is used as a sweetener in baked goods, it is a food ingredient and subject to the requirements of food products. When dextrose is used as a sweetener or diluent in tablet, capsule, or liquid preparations, it is an excipient. When it is used in the manufacture of sterile dextrose injection, it is an active drug substance and an API but now... 

Available as anhydrous and monohydrate anhydrous material used for direct compression due to superior compressibility Originally direct-compression excipient, now often included in granulations due to its excellent compressibihty Direct-compression diluent, often used in chewable tablets Was widely used as sweetener/filler in effervescent tablets and chewable tablets less popular nowadays due to cariogenicity Versatile material that can be used as diluent binder, and disintegtant Brittle material... 

Mullarney, M. P., Hancock, B. C., Carlson, G. T., Ladipo D. D., and Langdon, B. A. (2003), The powder flow and compact mechanical properties of sucrose and three high-intensity sweeteners used in chewable tablets, Int. J. Pharm., 257, 227-236. 

Flavor, Sweetener, and Colorant Flavor and sweeteners are primarily used to improve or mask the taste of the drug, with subsequent substantial improvement in patient compliance. Coloring tablets also has aesthetic value and can improve tablet identification, especially when patients are taking a number of different tablets. 

---