Sweat efficiency

Human sweating is minimal (about 350ml/24h) under a subject-specific sweat threshold, but increases to values up to several liters per hour during exercise. The maximum sweat rate recorded is 3.7 1/h from Alberto Salazar (Armstrong et al., 1986). An important heat strain indicator is the sweat efficiency, defined as the ratio of evaporated versus produced sweat. In protective clothing, the sweat efficiency is low and heat strain is imminent. In windy, hot dry environments, sweat efficiency can become close to 100% and humans can cool efficiently. Subjects with sweat abnormalities such as hypohidrosis or anhidrosis are not able to produce sufficient sweat to cool and may have additional health risks in the heat. The sweat efficiency is the basis of the ISO standard 7933 (Malchaire, 2006). 

A computer program is provided for ease of calculation and efficient use of the standard. This rational method of assessing hot environments allows identification of the relative importance of different components of the thermal environment, and hence can be used in environmental design. The WBGT index is an empirical index, and it cannot be used to analyze the influence of the individual parameters. The required sweat rate (SW. ) has this capability, but lack of data may make it difficult to estimate the benefits of protective clothing. 

Po[yamine disulphides do not inhibit peroxide vulcanization of polyethylene, are stable in air up to 300-350°C, exhibit good compatibility and show no sweating out from the polyethylene mass. Table 8 gives the comparison between the efficiency of polyamine disulphides as thermostabilizers of cured polyethylene. 

Body Temperature, Blood Flow, and Laminitis. In cattle and sheep, blood flow to the peripheral tissues decreased and body temperature increased when tall fescue seed was included in the diet (Rhodes et al., 1991). The reduction in blood flow to the peripheral tissues is likely related to increased body temperature, because the animal is less efficient in cooling itself. Unlike cattle and sheep, pregnant mares exhibit no increase in body temperature when exposed to the endophytic toxins (Monroe et al., 1988 Putnam et al., 1991). However, horses sweat more freely than cattle and are more capable of cooling themselves. Putnam et al. (1991) observed increased sweating in gravid mares grazing E+ tall fescue. 

Evaporation, however, can occur even when the environmental temperature exceeds the skin temperature. Hence, sweating is a means for cooling the skin and increasing the central to surface temperature difference, which is desirable when heat must be transferred efficiently from working muscles to the surface. 

Efficiency of the sweating step as a function of its dimensionless number... 

Another result of the supposed aquatic phase in man s development was that man s pheromones largely disappeared. In contrast to other mammals, man developed eccrine glands for efficient sweat control.Residual apocrine glands in humans are now limited to scent... 

In the beginning, supply chain excellence was defined as the lowest manufactured cost. The belief was that supply chain excellence could be achieved by sweating the assets. This set of beliefs formed the foundation for the efficient supply chain. Through the evolution of supply chain processes, costs were reduced, inventory levels lowered, and waste eliminated however, each company reached a point where they could no longer just cut costs without trading off service to customers. They had reached their effective frontier. 

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