Sweat, horses

Several strains of LAB isolated from wine were tested for their abilities to metabolize ferulic and p-coumaric acids. Cavin et al. (1993) showed that these acids were strongly decarboxylated by growing cultures of Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus when decarboxylation was observed, volatile phenols (4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol) were detected, indicating the possibility of reduction of the side chain before or after decarboxylation. Couto et al. (2006) reported L. collinoides as a producer of volatile phenols, although strain specificity concerning this capacity was observed. L. mali, L. sake, L. viridescens, and P. acidi-lactici were also found to be able to produce volatile compounds but they only perform the decarboxylation step. Volatile phenols cause animal taints such as horse sweat, wet animal and urine that are usually attributed to Brettanomyces spoilage. 

Volatiles phenols (VP) are secondary metabolites produced by yeasts, moulds and bacteria which affect the flavour of several fermented food commodities (Loureiro and Malfeito-Ferreira 2006). These molecules have been under study since the first detection in fermented grains (Steinke and Paulson, 1964). Later, Dubois and Brule (1970) reported their presence in wines and presently the importance of VP is mainly due to their role in the mediatic horse sweat taint in red wines. Available toxicological data suggest that VPs do not warrant concerns about acute or longterm effects (Rayne and Eggers 2007b). 

Malfeito-Ferreira, M., Rodrigues, N., Loureiro, V. (2001). The influence of oxygen on the horse sweat taint in red wines. Italian Food Bev. Technol., 24, 34-38. 

Barnyard, horse sweat, Band-aid, burnt plastic, wet animal, wet leather all have been used to describe an aroma or flavor... 

Belgian beer. Brettanomyces species are essential in the production of characteristic fruity, ester-like aromas of spontaneous fermented Belgian beers (78, 79) lambic, gueuze, kriek, and frambois. Others have described Ihe Brett aroma in traditional Belgian beer as "smelling like horse sweat" it is "the deliberate signature of the style" (80). 

In red wines, high levels of 4-EP are associated with disagreeable odors described as phenolic , leather , horse sweat , stable , or... 

Body Temperature, Blood Flow, and Laminitis. In cattle and sheep, blood flow to the peripheral tissues decreased and body temperature increased when tall fescue seed was included in the diet (Rhodes et al., 1991). The reduction in blood flow to the peripheral tissues is likely related to increased body temperature, because the animal is less efficient in cooling itself. Unlike cattle and sheep, pregnant mares exhibit no increase in body temperature when exposed to the endophytic toxins (Monroe et al., 1988 Putnam et al., 1991). However, horses sweat more freely than cattle and are more capable of cooling themselves. Putnam et al. (1991) observed increased sweating in gravid mares grazing E+ tall fescue. 

Medicinal, woody, smoky, horse sweat 4-Ethylphenol -1-4-ethylguaiacol >400 pg/1 Climate, microbiological processes... 

The nutritional requirement is a reflection of obligatory losses (maintenance) and the needs of growth, pregnancy, and lactation. Abnormal losses owing to disease, or in animals such as humans and horses which sweat extensively, raise the requirement. The impact of equine sweating is different from that in humans. Human sweat always contains sodium at concentrations well below plasma levels (and when aldosterone secretion is raised, levels of sweat sodium fall very low) horse sweat is hypertonic but this helps to offset the osmotic effect of the increased respiratory water loss during exertion, i.e., it may be a defense against hypernatremia, rather than a potential cause of sodium depletion. Similarly hypernatremia in many species induces dehydration natriuresis - an appropriate defense. 

Glanders B (Burkholderia mallei) Animals— horses, mules, donkeys soil Typically 14 days Unlikely, but has been reported Standa d High fever, sweating, muscle pain, pleuritic chest pain, generalized skin eruptions Limited info Ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem... 

The silence was now deadly. Fortunately at that moment my dear friend Filiberto Vasco flew in, cloak swirling. He shied back when he saw me and bared his teeth like a horse. He was sweating like one, too, from his run up all those stairs. 

All humans sweat. In fact, all mammals—including dogs, horses, and chimpanzees—sweat in one way or another. Sweating, or perspiring, is the body s way of regulating its own temperature and scent, using the process of evaporation. 

Meanwhile, I branded the memory of him onto my inner eye. Again and again I opened the door and discovered him on the porch, his forehead dewy with sweat and his eyes a light blue. He was so broad-shouldered that I couldn t see past him, though his stamping horse had been somewhere in the background. 

Little information is available on drug secretion into sweat it is used very little because of the difficulty of excluding topical contamination. It is collected almost exclusively from the horse, the most convenient technique being to use a scraper and absorbent gauze. 

In Homer s syndrome in the horse, topically instilled 10% phenylephrine produces periorbital sweating but its effects on pupil diameter and ptosis reversal are unpredictable. 

The tt2 agonists can produce profuse sweating, cause mydriasis (Kamerling et al 1988) and decrease the hematocrit (Wood et al 1992) in horses. They also decrease rectal temperature and suppress shivering in foals (Robertson et al 1990). 

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