Swamp cypress

This may look like a rather specialised method but the biomimetic inspiration applies to much simpler compounds. Taxodione 261 is an antitumour compound from the swamp cypress Taxo-dium distichum. It has an extended quinone-like enone system and two trans fused six-membered rings. Livinghouse42 realised that the extended quinone might be derived by oxidation of a simpler aromatic compound 262 where X is an oxidisable group. He then saw a possible polyolefin cyclisation in which a tertiary cation derived from a simple alkene 263 starts the reaction and the aromatic ring terminates the sequence. 

FIGURE 3. C NMR spectra of a cypress log buried in the Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, a Douglas fir tree that had fallen in the rain forest surrounding Mount Ranier, Washington, and lignin isolated from modern spruce wood by the sodium paraperiodate treatment. 

Figure 2. Levels of vanlllyl derivatives In pyrolysis products of Georgia estuary samples. Sample code River seston (>52 Pm) (RS) Doboy Sound seston (>52 ym) (DSS) sediment from open creekbed (S-13) sediment from tidal creek (marsh creekbank) (S-11) sediment from tidal creek (marsh creek bed) (S-12) sediment from open estuary (Doboy mudflat) (S-15) mixed cypress and hard-wood (MCH) swamp soil (SS) black rush (BR) sedge (sedg) wild rice (WR) and Spartlna (Spar). See Figure 1 for compound Identification.

Pyrolysis products N, R2, P, S, U, and V, shown In Figure 4, were more specific than those discussed above. Compound V was produced only by sedge, black rush, mixed cypress and hardwood leaves, and In smaller amounts, by swamp soil. The presence of this compound In sediment S-15, but not In other seston or sediment samples, suggests the contribution of specific higher plants to this sediment sample. The occurrence of compound P, In sediment... 

Texaco has supported the radio broadcasts of the Metropolitan Opera for many years. The company has made donations to the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, the New York Botanical Garden, Louisiana Nature and Science Center, and The Nature Conservancy. It also supports an urban tree-planting program.186 It donated 3000 acres of cypress-tupelo swamp in Louisiana to the Nature Conservancy for a bird refuge in 1994.187 It has also donated 10,000 acres of land in Utah for a wildlife habitat in 1995.188 The company also refers to continued cost-inefficient government regulations in the same report. 

Native vegetation. Swamp forests of cypress-tupelo-gum, and canebrakes, predominate. 

Native vegetation. The marshes support a luxuriant growth of sedges, grasses and rushes. The swamp forests contain cypress, tupelo and various other trees and shrubs. 

DeBusk, W. F. and K. R. Reddy. 1987. Removal of floodwater nitrogen in a cypress-mixed hardwood swamp receiving primary sewage effluent. Hydrobiologia 153 79-86. 

Front cover image (clockwise from top right) (1) Rice paddy under cultivation, Wargal (near Hyderabad), Andhra Pradesh, India (Photo by K. Ramesh Reddy) (2) pitcher plants (Sarracenia flava) in wet prairie of Tate s Hell Swamp, Florida (Photo by Todd. Z. Osborne) (3) mangrove swamp. Lost Man s River, Everglades National Park, Florida (photo by Todd Z. Osborne) and (4) shore of Blue Cypress Lake, Blue Cypress Marsh, Florida (Photo by Todd Z. Osborne). 

Some researchers have also questioned whether the trend toward acidified lakes is the result of acid deposition or other causes. For example, naturally acidic lakes can be found in the eastern U.S. These are generally clear lakes with a telltale brown color. (The color is due to organic acids, such as the tannins which give tea its distinctive hue.) They include peatland lakes in the Northeast and cypress swamps in the South. However, naturally acidic lakes are distinct from the so-called "oligo-trophic" lakes which are the focus of concern in the U.S., Canada, and Scandinavia. ... 

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