Clear Lake

The greatest danger from the use of DDT over wide areas arises if water is contaminated. Damage to many forms of life may also occur when aquatic pests are controlled by chlorinated hydrocarbons. This is due to several causes. First, fish are particularly susceptible to DDT poisoning, so that fish deaths due to direct poisoning may occur immediately or soon after the insecticide has been applied. They may extract DDT, present in a low concentration, from the immense amount of water, which is passed through the gills for purposes of respiration. Second, insects and other invertebrates, which are the main food of some fish, may be exterminated, so the fish are starved. Third, the invertebrates may take up amounts of DDT, which are not immediately lethal when fish eats these poisoned animals, the DDT may be retained in the bodies of the fish, which over a period obtain a toxic dose. 

To find clear-cut cases of the possible effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons we have again to turn to North American experience. 

There have been many other reports from America of invertebrates, fish and fish-eating birds being killed when streams and lakes are treated, accidentally or on purpose, with insecticides. 

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Hoechst-Celanese Clear Lake, Tex. 209 oxygen Shell... 

In another widely qnoted earlier stndy, Hnnt and Bischoff (1960) reported the decline of Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) popnlations on Clear Lake, California, following the application of rhothane (DDD) over several years. There was evidence of a progressive buildnp of p,p -DDD residnes in sediments over the period, and an analytical study of biota from the lake yielded the results shown in Table 5.6. 

Results from an Analytical Study of Residues in Biota Sampled from Clear Lake, California... 

Hunt, E.G. and Bischoff, A.l. (1960). Inimical effects on wildhfe of periodic DDD apphca-tions to Clear Lake California. Fish and Game 46, 91-106. 

Anderson DW, Cahill TMJ, Suchanek TH, Elbert RA. 1997. Relationships between mercury and yearly trends in osprey production and reproductive status at Clear Lake. In First Annual Clear Lake Science and Management Symposium, September 13, 1997, Proceedings, p. 66-70. 

Wolfe M, Norman D. 1998a. Effects of waterborne mercury on terrestrial wildlife at Clear Lake Evaluation and testing of a predictive model. Environ Toxicol Chem 17 214-227. 

Thomas R. Dunlap. Science as a Guide in Regulating Technology The Case of DDT in the United States. Social Studies of Science. 8 (Aug. 1978) 265-85. Source for why DDT research took so long Clear Lake impact of Rachel Carson and peregrine falcons. 

Clear Lake, site of abandoned mercury mine ... 

Clear Lake, California 1993 distance from abandoned mercury mine 8 km vs. 23 km ... 

Littrell, E.E. 1991. Mercury in western grebes at Lake Berryessa and Clear Lake, California. Califor. Fish Game 77 142-144. 

David H. Malin University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, USA, malin uhcl.edu... 

Nelson was born in Clear Lake, Wisconsin, on June 4, 1916. After graduating from Clear Lake High School, he attended San Jose State College, from which he received his bachelor of arts degree in 1939. He then enrolled at the University of Wisconsin Law School, from which he received his L.L.B. degree in 1942. He then served four years in the U.S. Army during World War II. 

The fabric samples tested were 0.17 m x 0.25 m and were coated with a 0.75 )lm layer of Parylene-C. Similarly, a series of fabric samples was obtained with coating thicknesses varying from 0.25 to 1.5 )lm (the coating was performed at Nova Tran Corporation, Clear Lake, Wisconsin). 

AO Plus [Acid Optimisation Plus] A process for making acetic acid by carbonylating methanol. Based on the Monsanto Acetic Acid process, but an improved catalyst (rhodium with lithium iodide) permits operation at lower levels of water. Developed by Celanese in the 1980s and operated by that company in Clear Lake, TX. Residual iodide in the product is removed by the Silverguard process. 

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