Suture materials sutures

Herrman, J. B., Kelly, R. J., and Higgins, G. A., Polygly-colic acid sutures, laboratory and clinical evaluation of a new absorbable suture material. Arch. Surg., 100, 1970. 

Cellular response, suture material biocompatibility and, 24 216 Cellulases, 5 361-362 70 282-284 benefits of, 70 283 as bleaching agents, 4 64 cotton modification, 8 30 textile industry, 70 302 Cellulon, 5 363-364... 

Nonabsorbable suture materials, 24 207 Nonactin, chelating agent, 5 710 Nonadecanoic acid, physical properties, 5 29t... 

Sustainment activities, 10 166 Suture compliance, 24 214-215 Suture materials, 24 205 categories of, 24 207 coated, 24 212-213 essential properties of, 24 213-214 Sutures, 24 205-224... 

Because only a little suture is generally employed and it is important in the overall surgical procedure, cost is not a major consideration. Following are brief discussions of the major kinds of suture material. 

Polyhexafluoropropylene (structure 19.35) is a recently available suture material used for soft tissue neurological, cardiovascular, vascular, and ophthalmic surgeries. It offers the inertness of PTFE. It is available as a monofilament. 

In summary, there exists a variety of suture materials with only one that is not polymeric. They serve as essential materials in surgery. 

Most suture material is colorless. Why is color added ... 

Fig. 8.3 (A) Human fibroblast stretching across the three-dimensional scaffold composed of Vicryl suture material, a biodegradable sugar polymer. (B) Histological cross-section...

The most common synthetic biodegradable polymers for suture material and their corresponding weight loss in aqueous solution are listed in Table 3.10. Of these, poly(glycolic acid), PGA, poly(lactic acid), PLA, and copolymers of these two polyesters are the most widely used for resorbable sutme material. PGA is a tough. 

Figure 3.31 Shift in molecular weight distribution for a commercial PGA suture material (Dexon) as a function of exposure time to a buffered solution (pH 7, 37°C). Reprinted, by permission, from J. Feijin, in Polymeric Biomaterials, p. 68. Copyright 1986 by Martinus Nijhoff Pubhshers.

If it is necessary to excise part of the abdominal wall, it will be closed with continuous sutures, using 5-0 nylon surgical suture material prior to closing the outer skin using wound clips. 

Fig. 21 Longitudinal section of a carotid artery-BASYC -preparation (SEM examination). B - BASYC , ca - carotid artery, vr - vitalized region, ec - endothelial cells, a region of anastomosis between BASYC and carotid artery (- - suture material is visible), b dense endothelial cover on the entire inner surface...

The traditional role of PGA as a biodegradable suture material has led to its evaluation in other biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering or controlled drug delivery and even dental fillings. 

For much of the last century, scientists attempted to make useful plastics from hydroxy adds such as glycolic and lactic acids. Poly(glycolic acid) was first prepared in 1954, but was not commercially developed because of its poor thermal stability and ease of hydrolysis. It did not seem like a useful polymer. Approximately 20 years later it found use in medicine as the first synthetic suture material, useful because of its tendency to undergo hydrolysis. After the suture has served its function, the polymer biodegrades and the products are assimilated (Li and Vert 1995). Since then, suture materials, prosthetics, artificial skin, dental implants, and other surgical devices made from polymers and copolymers of hydroxy carboxylic acids have been commercialized (Edlund and Albertsson 2002). 

The polyester named Lactomer is an alternating copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. Lactomer is used for absorbable suture material because stitches of Lactomer hydrolyze slowly over a two-week period and do not have to be removed. The hydrolysis products, lactic acid and glycolic acid, are normal metabolites and do not provoke an inflammatory response. Draw the stmeture of the Lactomer polymer. 

Beyond the use of suture materials, newer erodible polymeric materials were introduced in the 1980s as potential ophthalmic carrier systems for release of drugs. 

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