Sustainability environmental system

Further, Gleissman (2001), Odum (1984), Conway (1985), and Altieri (1995) observed differences between two types of farming systems and one natural ecosystem. Table 11.1 shows that sustainable farming systems have high diversity, resilience, and the autonomy of natural ecosystems, while unsustainable farming systems or conventional agroecosystems provide relatively lower and more variable crop production. Lower crop production is usually caused by reduction in external inputs and adverse environmental impacts. 

Technical solutions may well tackle the problem. But in terms of global equity, forcing high-end technologies as first choice to combat the adverse environmental impacts of transport will be in favour of the industries in the developed countries. The analysis of world patent applications and global trade flows on behalf of the German Environment Ministry (Edler et al., 2007) demonstrates that developing and transition economies only play a very minor role in the developement and trade of new vehicles and propulsion systems. In the field of sustainable propulsion systems, non-OECD countries participate in world trade with 13% of imports and exports, but contributed only 2% of patent applications in 2005. 

The systems will be rugged and reliable for use in hostile environments where conventional generators would fail or be extremely difficult to sustain. The systems can easily be environmentally shielded. 

Schematic description of economic systems, following Figure 13.3 (a) Classical, (b) environmental, and (c) sustainable economic systems.

Enzymes have had billions of years of evolution in order to sustain hving systems as needed. That these naturally evolved molecules can then accomplish any other task outside their intrinsic requirements is simply fortuitous. It is thus not surprising that the use of enz5nnes for environmental, industrial or biotechnological apphcations is not easily reconcilable with their intrinsic characteristics. 

Environmental management systems have an advantage over many management systems with respect to expansion toward sustainability. Environmental management systems already address one of the components of sustainability. This aspect makes them a perfect starting point for further advancements. 

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