Homogeneous suspension

Add item 3 slowly while stirring and in small portions and then follow up with vigorous stirring to obtain smooth suspension. Homogenize if necessary. 

Define system In both gas/water/solvent and gas/water/solid systems, it is important to keep dispersions and suspensions homogeneous during ozonation. A suitable type of reactor and effective mixing has to be provided depending on the properties of the system. 

Coating suspension preparation is critical to successful and consistent coating. The suspension must be free of air and uniformly mixed. Selection of tank geometry is important to achieve suspension homogeneity. Long tall vessels that minimize the exposed surface are preferred. Some polymers require low shear mixing. Scale-up should include evaluation of mixer speed, suspension preparation, and hold times at both the development and the launch sites. 

Add item 1 to mineral oil to form a finely dispersed suspension homogenize. 

The ramification of the difference in suspension homogeneity between small and large scale is that mixing related problems are often encountered upon scale-up. Conversely, experimentally modeling full scale equipment in the laboratory often does not capture mixing related phenomena observed at the larger scale. 

Nanopure is suspensions homogenized in water-free media or water mixtures, i.e., the drug suspensions in the non-aqueous media were homogenized at 0 °C or even below the freezing point and hence are called deep-freeze homogenization. It can be used effectively for thermolabile substances in milder conditions... 

Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) EPD is a colloidal process wherein ceramic bodies are shaped directly from a stable colloid suspension by a DC electric field. EPD process is applicable to produce ceramic bodies of films, plates, cylindrical and complex shapes using substrates. In EPD process, charged particles dispersed in a suspension migrate towards oppositely charged substrate (electrode) on application of DC electric field (this phenomenon is called electrophoresis ), and the particles are deposited on the substrate as shown in Figure 3. EPD process has advantages of simple apparatus, short deposition time, easy to control process parameters, no restriction of the shape of deposition substrate, low production cost, suitability for deposition of laminates and mass production. Furthermore, in EPD process, the preparation of the suspension is important (for example, the concentration and pH of the suspension, homogeneous dispersion of particles in the suspension). 

Esters of the homologous acids are prepared by adding silver oxide in portions rather than in one lot to a hot solution or suspension of the diazo ketone in an anhydrous alcohol (methyl, ethyl or n-propyl alcohol) methanol is generally used and the silver oxide is reduced to metallic silver, which usually deposits as a mirror on the sides of the flask. The production of the ester may frequently be carried out in a homogeneous medium by treating a solution of the diazo ketone in the alcohol with a solution of silver benzoate in triethylamlne. 

To a solution of indoline (20 mM in MeOH) was added Co(salen) (0.10 equiv.) and O2 was bubbled through the suspension at 25°C. After 1 h the suspension became homogeneous and the solvent was removed in vacuo and the product purified by chromatography on silica gel. 

Micronutrients in Fluid Fertilizers. In terms of homogeneity and even distribution, fluid fertilizers are probably the best micronuttient carriers. Fluid carriers of micronutrients usually are nitrogen solutions, clear Hquid mixtures, or suspensions. Some micronutrients, however, are appHed as simple water solutions or suspensions. FoHar micronuttient sprays often contain only the micronuttient material in water solution. 

The criterion of maintaining equal power per unit volume has been commonly used for dupHcating dispersion qualities on the two scales of mixing. However, this criterion would be conservative if only dispersion homogeneity is desired. The scale-up criterion based on laminar shear mechanism (9) consists of constant > typical for suspension polymerization. The turbulence model gives constant tip speed %ND for scale-up. 

Eor the preparation of suspensions and emulsions, coUoid mills and homogenizers, respectively, are used. Ultrasonic mills that utilize vibrating reeds in restricted chambers to reduce the particle size of the dispersed ingredients can also be employed (see Colloids Ultrasonics). 

Vinyhdene chloride copolymerizes randomly with methyl acrylate and nearly so with other acrylates. Very severe composition drift occurs, however, in copolymerizations with vinyl chloride or methacrylates. Several methods have been developed to produce homogeneous copolymers regardless of the reactivity ratio (43). These methods are appHcable mainly to emulsion and suspension processes where adequate stirring can be maintained. Copolymerization rates of VDC with small amounts of a second monomer are normally lower than its rate of homopolymerization. The kinetics of the copolymerization of VDC and VC have been studied (45—48). 

Agitate the slurry by hand or with a wide spatula to maintain a homogeneous suspension. Immerse the test leaf face downward to approximately one-half the depth of the slurry. 

---