Survival in soil

Dowe M J, Jackson E D, Mori J G and Bell C R (1997), Listeria monocytogenes survival in soil and incidence in agricultural soils , Journal of Food Protection, 60 (10), 1201— 1207. 

Fungal disease favored by wet cool summers. The main source is infected seed. The fungus also survives in soil and crop debris for three to four years. Infection does not spread between bulbs in store, but symptoms do not all develop at the same time. 

Soil is a natural habitat for several human pathogens such as B. cereus, Cl. botulinum, and Cl. perfringens, L. monocytogenes, and Aeromonas (Waage et al., 1999). The aforementioned bacteria have adapted to survival in soil with spores persisting for indefinite periods. 

In addition to ecological considerations concerning bacterial survival in soil, the relationship between desiccation sensitivity and mineral characteristics has relevance to carriers selected for the preparation of bacterial inocula (Kloepper Schroth, 1981 van Elsas Heijnen, 1990 Caesar Burr, 1991). Chao Alexander (1984) explored the potential use of soil-based inoculants for rhizobia. Pesenti-Barili et al. (1991) conducted a comprehensive survey of nine potential carriers for Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, including kaolinite and vermiculite, and concluded that vermiculite was most suitable. 

If roots look like rattails (few or no side roots) and are red inside when slit lengthwise, red stele is the problem. Both fungal diseases survive in soils for up to 10 years without a host plant the only control is to plant new plants in well-drained soil at a new site. Cultivars resistant to some strains of red stele include Columbia , Earliglow , Guardian , Hood , Rainier , Redchief , Sparkle , and Surecrop . 

Theng, B. K. G. and Orchard, V. A. (1995). Interactions of clays with microorganisms and bacterial survival in soil a physicochemical perspective. In Environmental Impact of Soil Component Interactions, Vol. II, Metals and Other Inorganics and Microbial Activities, ed. Huang, P. M., Berthelin, J., Bollag, J.-M., McGill. W. G.. and Page. A. L., CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 123-143. 

Gaspard JT, Jaffee BA, Ferris H. Meloidogyne incognita survival in soil infested with Paecilomyces lilacinus and Verticillium chlamydosporium. J Nematol 22 176-181, 1990a. 

T. gondii does not grow in foods or in other environments outside of a suitable host however, oocysts in envirorunental can survive for long periods at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37 °C. According to Waldeland (1977a,b,c), an oocyst can survive in soil for up to 2 years so, any fecal material from infected cats will represent a hazard (Nesbakken, 2009). 

West, A.W., Sparling, C.P., Feltham, C.W. and Reynolds, J. (1992) Microbial activity and survival in soils dried at different rates. Australian Journal of Soil Research 30, 209-222. 

The fate of the about 8 Tg BC yr" widely dispersed on the globe is deposited into oceans and soils. It is known that coal can survive in soils for hundreds of years and can improve soil structure and water budget. The survival of atmospherie coal combustion soot from the Middle Ages can still be seen at old ehurehes and it is cultural question to regard it as patina with respect or unwanted pollution. 

Fargues, J. Reisinger, O. Robert, P. H. Aubart, C. Biodegradation of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes influence of clay coating on Beauveria bassiana blastospore survival in soil.. / Invertebr. Pathol 1983. 41,131-142. 

In a series of studies, we have investigated the potential use of individual prairie grasses, a prairie grass mixture, and mulberry trees for the phytoremediation of these pesticides. Our initial erq>eriments have been conducted to demonstrate that plants can survive in soil moderately... 

Sod-bome fungus. Polymyxa gmminis is the vector. Disease encouraged by hard winter. Symptoms appear from January. Found only in autumn sown cereals. May survive in soil for many years. 

DNA does seem to survive in soil even after decomposition of the cell... 

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