Survey of Natural Raw Materials

Resinoids mainly consist of nonvolatile, resinous compounds and are primarily used for their excellent fixative properties. 

The resinoids described above should be distinguished from prepared oleoresins (e.g., pepper, ginger, and vanilla oleoresins), which are concentrates prepared from spices by solvent extraction. The solvent that is used depends on the spice currently, these products are often obtained by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide [223a], Pepper and ginger oleoresins contain not only volatile aroma compounds, but also substances responsible for pungency. 

Tinctures are alcoholic solutions that are prepared by treating natural raw materials with ethanol or ethanol-water mixtures. They can also be obtained by dissolving other extracts in these solvents. Tinctures are sometimes called infusions. 

Physical data for extracts or concentrates consisting largely of nonvolatile material are not given because the compositions of these products vary widely according to the isolation and manufacturing procedure used. 

The botanical names of plants are cited in accordance with the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) as described, for example, in [231]. 

Resinoids are prepared by extracting plant exudates (balsams, oleo gum resins, natural oleo resins, and resinous products) with solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or toluene. Yields range from 50 to 95%. The products are usually highly viscous and are sometimes diluted (e.g., with phthalates or benzyl benzoate) to improve their flow and processing properties. 

The enumeration of the components of the individual products has been limited to the main constituents and the odor determining compounds further information is available in the literature, e.g., [214, 225-230a]. Physical data for extracts or concentrates consisting largely of nonvolatile material are not given because the composition of these products varies widely according to the isolation and manufacturing procedure used. 

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