Surrogate molecules products

Both ammonia or ammonium hydroxide (often these are used in a reaction bomb) react with an alkyl halide or sulfonate ester to give an amine. If the molecule also has a carboxyl substituent or an acid surrogate, the product is an amino acid or can be converted to one. 1-Bromononanoic acid (1.9), for example, was converted to 9-aminononanoic acid (1.7) by this procedure. There are many examples of this type... 

Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or tandem MS allows the examination of individual ions in a mixture of ions [39]. The ions of interest serve as surrogates for neutral molecules. They are mass-selected and are dissociated upon collisions, and the resulting product ions are analyzed by a second mass measurement. Such experiments generate structurally informative fragment ions for structural characterization of complex molecules. 

The ultimate goal of this project is to design enzyme-based PL PSi detectors for toxic chemical detection therefore, the selection of enzymes active towards these types of target molecules is critical. Table I shows activity parameters of some enzymes in solution that have hydrolysis activity toward G-type nerve agents. OPAA-2 was selected for immobilization because it has relatively high activity towards GB and GD, as well as towards surrogates such as DFP, and /7-nitro-phenyl-soman (20-23). The products from the enzymatic action would be a phosphonic acid and HF. 

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