Surge capacities

The kettle reboiler is shown in Fig. ll-3.5ishell-side, this common design provides adequate dome space for separation of vapor and hquid above the tube bundle and surge capacity beyond the weir near the shell cover. 

Table 18-15 summarizes the several types of commercial centrifuges, their manner of liquid and solids discharge, their unloading speed, and their relative volumetric capacity. When either the liquid or the solids discharge is not continuous, the operation is said to be cycHc. Cyclic or batch centrifuges are often used in continuous processes by providing appropriate upstream and downstream surge capacity. 

If there is water to be settled and withdrawn from hydrocarbon, the water s settling time requirement needs to be checked. The water settling requirement, rather than other process considerations, might set the liquid surge capacity. Therefore, the liquid surge capacity we have previously estimated from tables might have to be increased. 

A complete evaluation of the surge capacity and pulsation frequencies of the system (i.e., suction header and suction surge drum. Figure 13-1 A), compressor, discharge surge drum, and discharge header is necessary before reaching an... 

Drums are relatively small vessels to provide surge capacity or separation of entrained phases. 

The compositions are controlled by regulating reflux flow and boil-up. The column overall material balance must also be controlled distillation columns have little surge capacity (hold-up) and the flow of distillate and bottom product (and side-streams) must match the feed flows. 

MEHRA, Y. R. (1979) Chem. Eng., NY 86 (July 2nd) 87. Liquid surge capacity in horizontal and vertical vessels. 

Most chemical processing plants were run essentially manually prior to the 1940s. Only the most elementary types of controllers were used. Many operators were needed to keep watch on the many variables in the plant. Large tanks were employed to act as buffers or surge capacities between various units in the plant. These tanks, although sometimes quite expensive, served the function of filtering out some of the dynamic disturbances by isolating one part of the process from... 

LEVEL LOOPS. Most liquid levels represent material inventory used as surge capacity. In these cases it is relatively unimportant where the level is, as long as it is between some maximum and minimum levels. Therefore, proportional controllers arc often used on level loops to give smooth changes in flow rates and to filter out fluctuations in flow rates to downstream units. 

Fig. 3—Spherical separator can be thought of as a vertical separator without a cylindrical she I) between the two heads. Because of limited surge capacity and fabrication difficulties, such separators find MUe use in the oil field.

Entrained bed Requires finely crushed coal Small surge capacity requiring close control... 

In addition to providing sufficient surge capacity, care must be taken in tuning the separator level controller. The gain of this controller must be chosen such that the change in reactor temperature provides a reasonable change in the production of condensable material from the reactor. As with any cascade scheme, the primary (level) controller gain depends on the span of the secondary (temperature) controller transmitter. 

The U.S. health care system lacks the surge capacity to deal with mass casualties. 

The agency must assure that each of its own employees are competent in basic emergency preparedness, and there is adequate surge capacity within its own organization to be prepared to respond to routine emergencies, some of which can be expected, such as power outages, weather events, or other limited events. 

Review security and facility surge capacity and capability plans as appropriate. 

Rothman, R. E., Hsu, E. B., Kahn, C. A., Kelen, G. D. (2006). Research priorities for surge capacity. Academic Emergency Medicine. Retrieved October 31, 2006 from http //www.aemj. org/cgi/reprint/j.aem.2006.07.002vl... 

The events of 9/11 and subsequent anthrax attacks underscored the need for U.S. health care organizations and public health agencies to be prepared to respond to acts of bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. Many states and health care organizations and systems have developed preparedness plans that include enhancing surge capacity to respond to such events. 

It does not take a nationally publicized event to seriously impact a health care system even a local apartment fire can cause a regional hospital system to exceed its surge capacity. A bum center s capacity is determined by available burn beds, burn surgeons, burn nurses, support staff, operating rooms, equipment, supplies, and related resources it is a dynamic number. Surge capacity is the ability to handle up to 50% more than the normal maximum burn patient census when there is an emergency. 

In the case of an external disaster, hospitals should have the ability to discharge any patient who does not immediately require hospital care (e.g., elective preoperative patients) to make room for patients from an MCI. This is a complicated process and needs to be drilled regularly. Surge capacity should be calculated as part of the planning process and includes not only physical beds but staff and supplies (e.g., ventilators and pain medi-... 

Surge Capacity. Surge capacity is the capacity to handle up to 50 % more than the normal maximum number of burn patients when there is a disaster. Normal capacity will be different for each burn center, may be seasonal, and will vary from week to week or possibly even day to day. 

Secondary Triage. Secondary triage is the transfer of burn patients from one burn center to another burn center upon reaching surge capacity. Secondary triage policy should be put into place at every burn center, with formal written transfer agreements previously established. 

ABA Secondary Triage Policy. Secondary triage should be implemented by the Burn Center Director when the burn center s surge capacity is reached. Transfer of burn patients should be to verified burn centers when feasible, then to other burn centers, within the first 48 hours following the incident when possible. 

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