Surface structural properties

The reason why the activity varies so much according to the kind of supports is that the surface structure properties vary with the kinds of supports, which causes significant difference in... 

Gu, J. M., Robinson, J. R., and Leung, S. H. Binding of acrylic polymers to mucin/epithelial surfaces Structure-property relationships. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 1988, 5(1), 21-67. 

Granot, E., F. Patolsky and I. Willner (2004). Electrochemical assembly of a CdS semiconductor nanoparticle monolayer on surfaces Structural properties and photoelectrochemical applications. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108(19), 5875-5881. 

Ward, M. D. (1997). Organic crystal surfaces structure, properties and reactivity. 

Among ordered bimetallic systems, the Pt-Sn one can be considered at present as the most in-depth studied not only for its surface structural properties, but also for its reactivity and catalytic properties. A comparable detailed knowledge exists only for a few other cases, among platinum alloys we can cite the Ni-Pt and Co-Pt systems, examined for their catalytic properties and the Pt-Ti system studied for their electrocatalytic properties [5]. Sparse data relative to the surface properties of several other Pt alloys exist (e.g. FeaPt and CuaPt -[3] and PtaMn [51]. All these data available pertain to fee phases either random substitutional or ordered compounds. Data exist also for other cubic ordered alloys which are isostructural with the PtaSn compound, e.g. NiaAl [52, 53] and AuaPd [28] and finally the Au-Cu system, which has been object of interest as the prototypical LI2 or Pm3m ordered system in the CuaAu composition [54, 55]. 

What else could be the role of the zinc promoter In the following, we will try to give a new explanation, based on a comparison of the catalytic and the surface structural properties of the contact masses CuCb/Sitech, CuCb/Sitech/Zn and CuCb/Sipure, p-... 

Early Reviews in Mineralogy dealt with specific groups of minerals, one (or two) volumes at a time. In contrast, this volume deals explicitly with the topic of crystal size in many different systems. Until recently, the special and complicated nature of the very smallest particles rendered them nearly impossible to study by conventional methods. Even today, the challenges associated with evaluating the size-dependence of a mineral s bulk and surface structures, properties, and reactivity are significant. However, ongoing improvements in sophisticated characterization, theory, and data analysis make particles previously described (often inaccurately) as amorphous (or even mo re mysteriously as k-ray amorphous ) amenable to quantitativ e evaluation. Thermochemical, crystal chemical, and computational chemical approaches must be combined to understand particles with diameters of 1 to 100 nanometers. Determination of the variation of structure, properties, and reaction kinetics with crystal size requires careful synthesis of... 

An understanding of the mechanisms of the reactions in electrodics is provided by physical electrochemistry through the analysis of the electronic and ionic phases. For the first phase, the electronic character of the metals is important and hence solid state physics comes into focus. The quantal characteristic of the metal conductor defines the surface structure properties that are dealt by quantum electrochemistry. The concept of quantum particles is one of the main considerations of this chapter. The properties of the dual nature of this corpuscular wave produce equivocal understanding even in electrocatalysis. When a beam of electrons passes through a solid, the effective mass is the real quantity to be considered in the calculations, since the interactions of the electron with a nucleus are shielded by strong electrostatic interactions. 

To illustrate the relationship between the two areas we will consider in detail the effect of coordinative unsaturation or underbonding at O in aluminosilicates on their structures, stabilities and properties, using examples from both inorganic chemistry and mineralogy. We use traditional methods of quantum chemistry in order to calculate the properties of such compounds. Similar relationships could be drawm between the bulk and surface structural properties of Fe (oxy)hydroxide) minerals and analog inorganic materials, but we will focus only upon the aluminosilicates, for which the structural and NMR data is most definitive. 

The surface properties of polymers are important in many applications and they are dependent on the structure and composition of the ontermost molecular layers. The surface layer thickness involved is typically of the order of a few nanometers. Understanding surface structure-property relationships therefore requires analytical techniques which have this degree of surface sensitivity (or specificity). Two techniques stand out X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (1), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) (2). The information provided by these methods is highly complementary and they are frequently used in combination. This article describes the physical bases and anal5dical capabilities of XPS and SIMS and illustrates their application in polymer surface characterization (3). 

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