Surface sizing agent

Van der Klashorst, G. H Venter, J.S.M. Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulose-Part I Surface Sizing Agent of Linerboard and Corrugating Medium. Appita. 1987, 40, 279-282. 

Chem. Descrip. Hydroxyethylated corn starch CAS 9005-25-8 EINECS/ELINCS 232-679-6 Uses Film-former, sizing agent for paper and textiles surface sizing agent applied at size press and calendar starch binder in coating applies. warp sizing agent for textiles... 

Chem. Descrip. Styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer Uses Dispersant, emulsifier, thickener, binder, surface sizing agent in components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous, fatty, and dry foods Features Freeze/thaw stable easy to handle good for improving toner adhesion exc. sizing against a variety of penetrants when applied over alkaline or acid base... 

Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides made from several linear alpha olefins are used in paper sizing, detergents, and other uses. Sulfosuccinic acid esters serve as surface active agents. Alkyd resins (qv) are used as surface coatings. Chlorendric anhydride [115-27-5] is used as a flame resistant component (see Flame retardants). Tetrahydrophthalic acid [88-98-2] and hexahydrophthalic anhydride [85-42-7] have specialty resin appHcations. Gas barrier films made by grafting maleic anhydride to polypropylene [25085-53-4] film are used in food packaging (qv). Poly(maleic anhydride) [24937-72-2] is used as a scale preventer and corrosion inhibitor (see Corrosion and corrosion control). Maleic anhydride forms copolymers with ethylene glycol methyl vinyl ethers which are partially esterified for biomedical and pharmaceutical uses (189) (see Pharmaceuticals). 

Papermaking additives can be categorized either as process additives or as functional additives. Process additives are materials that improve the operation of the paper machine, such as retention and drainage aids, biocides, dispersants, and defoamers they are primarily added at the wet end of the paper machine. Functional additives are materials that enhance or alter specific properties of the paper product, such as fillers (qv), sizing agents, dyes, optical brighteners, and wet- and dry-strength additives they may be added internally or to the surface of the sheet. 

Alkylketene—dimer emulsion sizes can be appHed to the surface of paper and provide very efficient sizing. Used by themselves, these sizing agents can provide a sHppery surface consequendy, they often are used in conjunction with starch or some filler which reduces sHppetiness without detracting from sizing efficiency. 

Information on the coefficients is relatively undeveloped. They are evidently strongly influenced by rate of drop coalescence and breakup, presence of surface-active agents, interfacial turbulence (Marangoni effect), drop-size distribution, and the like, none of which can be effectively evaluated at this time. 

Measurements of the rate of change in concentration of oxidizable chemicals in aerated vessels have questionable value for assessing rates with biological systems. Not only are flow patterns and bubble sizes different for biological systems, but surface active agents and... 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) will function as a non-ionic surface active agent and is used in suspension polymerisation as a protective colloid. In many applications it serves as a binder and thickener is addition to an emulsifying agent. The polymer is also employed in adhesives, binders, paper sizing, paper coatings, textile sizing, ceramics, cosmetics and as a steel quenchant. 

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