Surface rupture

Located in crankshaft forgings and appear on the surface of twisted area surface rupture... 

In the first group, emerging persistent slip bands (PSBs) are preferentially attacked by dissolution. This preferential attack leads to mechanical instability of the free surface and the generation of new and larger PSBs, followed by localized corrosion attack, resulting in crack initiation. Under passive conditions, the relative rates of periodic rupture and reformation of the passive film control the extent to which corrosion reduces fatigue resistance. When bulk oxide films are present on a surface, rupture of the films by PSBs leads to preferential dissolution of the fresh metal that is produced.102... 

It is important, however, to point out that, because of the existence of metastable equilibrium films, even large values of the classical spreading coefficient cannot ensure enter of oil drops into the water surface (rupture of water film on an oil substrate) which is confirmed by direct measurements [528]. 

In general the CPD method, as used by Airco Coating Technology, gives the lowest deposit, a clearer film (others may have a yellow tinge), a better bond (chemical rather than mechanical), a more extensible material (stretches further before the surface ruptures), and this is achieved at a relatively low power input and a reasonable output speed. 

Again, with the increase of the wood fiber content, viscosity increases and the power-law index decreases. The viscosity of the hot melt becomes more sensitive to fluctuations of the shear rate hence, the higher might be fluctuations of pressure of the hot melt, the easier the hot melt can overshoot the critical shear rate, leading to rough profiles, sharkskin, and surface rupture (see below). 

Support span-to-depth ratio, 236 Surface burning characteristics, ASTM standard, 480 Surface defects, 660 Surface roughness, 617 Surface rupture, 644 Surface tearing, 656, 667 Surface temperature of boards, 358 Surface temperature, 550 Susceptibility to microbial degradation, 414 Swagging extrudate, 660 Swell, 26, 209, 643... 

For film rupture to conunence a hole must be initiated in the liquid film. In practice, air bubbles trapped between the impacting droplet and substrate break through the liquid film and create holes. Increasing surface roughness promotes surface rupture since it increases the amount of air trapped at the interface. Similarly, raising the temperature of the substrate above the Uquid boiling point also creates bubble and causes the film to fragment [45]. 

Figure 9.25(b) illustrates the polarized curve of the composite nickel-plating coating with or without abrasion (type 600 abrasive paper, 3600 movements). The results obtained revealed that the corrosion current on the surface of the composite coating containing antirust oil-encapsulated microcapsules was smaller after abrasion under the same anodic polarization potential. Abrasion of the composite coating surface ruptured the microcapsules such that the encapsulated oil was released and spread onto the surface. The polarization current was reduced that is, better wear and corrosion resistance was achieved if the microcapsules were... 

Yue, Z.Q. 2010. Features and mechanism of coseismic surface ruptures by Wenchuan Earthquake. Rock Stress and Earthquake, edited by Furen Xie, Taylor Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-(k415-60165-8,... 

Li Yong, Huang Runqiu. Geological background of Longmenshan seismic belt and surface rupture in Wenchuan earthquake. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2009, 17(1) 3 16. 

Xu Xiwei, Wen Xueze, Ye Jianqing, et al. The Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface rupture and its seismogenic structure. Seismology ami Geology, 2008, 30(3) 597-629. 

The result of numerical simulation shows that under the action of tectonic stress field, the formation mechanism of Xiaoyudong fault is that the burid fault cuts through the shallow rocks and soils above it and results in the surface rupture. 

In broad mountain area, the rock is generally uncovered, which provides advantages for the disaster of surface rupture. However, in other areas, there commonly thick Quaternary overburden layer over the bedrock, which can absorb some displacements of active fault and so surface rupture can only occur in the meizo-seismic area of strong earthquakes. 

According to historical records and recent filed investigations, the most common type is disaster of slope instability, and secondary is the disaster of liquefaction and ground deformation, and third is the disaster of surface rupture and earthquake collapse. 

And the disaster of surface rupture is mainly in west and north China. 

High Mainly the slope instability (landslide and avalanche), and secondary the surface rupture... 

The types of GDIE in China are plentiful and various and among them, the main types are slope instability, surface rupture, sand Liquefaction, debris flow and ground deformation, and secondary are collapses by seismic and barrier lake induced by earthquake with overflow, and seismic surge wave, tsunami and reservoir induced earthquake are rare types in China. 

Yu, K.T. Xiang, P. 1990. Surface rupture due to earthquake and its meaning in engineering seismology. Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2), 90-92. (in Chinese). 

The surface ruptures of Haiyuan Earthquake were 273 km long, which can be divided into two segments with the east end of Nanhuashan as the boundary. The seismic fault was the sinistral strike-slip fault, where the maximum horizontal displacement was approximately 10 m and the maximum vertical displacement was approximately 7.6 m. 

Elevation Slope angle Slope aspect Slope curvature Topographic position Distance from surface rupture —... 

Topographic position Distance from surface rupture/m... 

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