Surface relief gratings

The first investigated azo-polysiloxane contains nucleobases in the side chain. This azo-polymer class presents a potential interest in the fields of optoelectronic or biomolecnle immobilization and nanomanipulation. The optoelectronic applications are the consequence of the azo-materials capacity to generate surface relief grating (SRG) under UV irradiation. In spite of the fact that the SRG problem is stndied by many research gronps, nntil now, the mechanism of the surface... 

Fukuda T, Matsuda H, Shiraga T et al. (2000) Photofabrication of surface relief grating on films of azobenzene polymer with different dye functionalization. Macromolecules 33 4220-4225... 

Heuberger K, Lukosz W (1986) Embossing technique for fabricating surface relief gratings on hard oxide waveguides. Appl Opt 25 1499-1504... 

As illustrated in Fig. 9 and described in Sect. 3.1.2, prior to sputtering deposition of the layers, two surface relief gratings (period of A = 400 nm) were fabricated on the glass slide for input and output coupling of the optical beam. A calculation based on the theory developed in Sect. 2.2 gave an electric field profile for the TE mode as shown in Fig. 10. 

Li L, Xu M et al (1987) Fabrication of photoresist masks for submicrometer surface relief gratings. Proc SPIE 835 72-82... 

FIG. 6.26 Atomic-force microscopy 3-D topography image (20)xm x 20 pm x 200 nm) of the surface-relief grating on 100-layer mixed LBK IHm of polymer 44 and cadmium stearate deposited on glass (reproduced from reference 121 with permission. Copyright (1999) American Chemical Society). 

Research in the area of photoinduced surface-relief gratings is extremely active. One review covers the literature published until 1998, but the field has practically exploded. One recent paper even reports the creation of a holographic grating with a single short laser pulse, although there are reports questioning the mechanism. ... 

Kim, D. Y., Tripathy, S. K., Li, L., Kumar, J. (1995). Laser-induced holographic surface relief gratings on nonlinear optical polymer films. AppL Phys. Lett. 66,1166-1168. 

Wu, Y., Natansohn, A., Rochon, P. (2001). Photoinduced birefringence and surface relief gratings in novel polyurethanes with azobenzene groups in the main chain. Macromolecules 34. 7822-7828. 

SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS ON AZOBENZENE-CONTAINING FILMS... 

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