Embossing technique

Embossing Techniques used to create depressions of a specific pattern in plastics film and sheeting. 

Heuberger K, Lukosz W (1986) Embossing technique for fabricating surface relief gratings on hard oxide waveguides. Appl Opt 25 1499-1504... 

RIM and TIM is that in the case of RIM the components are mixed shortly before injection into the mold and are cured by polymerization in the mold. On the other hand, in the TIM method a uniform molding compound is heated above its glass transition temperature to produce a material that can be injected into the mold where it resolidifies as the temperature decreases. We wish to stress that the hot embossing technique for thermoplastics is particularly suitable... 

The plastic molding process may be combined with deep etch X-ray lithography to fabricate microstructures with different shapes in the third dimension" In the first step, only the upper part of a very thick resist layer is patterned with the embossing technique using a mold insert fabricated by the standard LIGA process. The relief structure obtained by this first patterning process is subsequently exposed to synchrotron radiation through a precisely... 

Seifert et al. (1986) prepared a planar Si02-TiC>2 wave guide with a surface relief by using an embossing technique. The waveguide reacts sensitively to the surface adsorption of proteins. IgG has been adsorbed and the binding of anti-IgG was registered with a difference refracto-meter. 

Another factor to be considered in designing the sheet is surface roughness. A certain level of surface roughness is required to prevent geomembrane sheets from sliding down when they are placed on the slope of the embankment. The surface roughness is usually introduced by an embossing technique. 

Hot embossing technique had been commonly used for the microstructuring of polymers in industry. Before, it was adapted for microfluidic applications due to its relatively simple process, wide selection of materials, and availability of facility. 

Hierarchical structures in the micrometer and/or submicrometer scale from blends can also be prepared by combination of the BF and a different patterning technique, in general, lithographic techniques. For instance, Ge and Lu [205] prepared multiscale stmctured films by combining the breath figures formation with embossing techniques (Fig. 10.9). More precisely the authors prepared porous... 

Fig. 10.9 Formation of multiscale structures by combination of the breath figures approach and embossing techniques. The immiscibility between both homopolymers added (PS and PVP) due to the different hydrophilicity produces hierarchical ordered patterns where the PVP is located inside the pore and the PS at the pore wall. In addition, embossing produces an additional level of order at the micrometer length-scale as well as replicas. Reproduced with permission from ref. [205]...

Koesdjojo, M.T. Tennico, Y.H. Reincho, V.T. Fabrication of a microfluidic system for capillary electrophoresis using a two-stage embossing technique and solvent welding on poly(methyl methacrylate) with water as a sacrificial layer. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80 (7), 2311-2318. 

Hsiung et al. did not use a PDMS layer. They utilized a hot embossing process to form microlenses [10]. The hot embossing technique is relatively simple and reliable [11]. The manufacturing process involved three major steps (1) fabrication of the glass-based master mold, (2) fabrication and bonding of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) chips, and (3) insertion of the optic fibers. 

Many of them are based on molding elements (i.e. solid objects with structures of relief on their surfaces) to direct the flow (as in the case of micromolding) or softened solids into the desired shapes. [94-96] The basic one is the embossing technique also referred as nanoimprint lithography (NIL). In this case the mold, made of hard or soft material with specific negative features, is directly pressed against the... 

Mathur, A., Roy, S.S., McLaughhn, J.A., 2010. Transferring vertically aligned carbon nanotubes onto a polymeric substrate using a hot embossing technique for microfluidic applications. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 7 (48), 1129-1133. 

SAMIM is an embossing technique in which a solvent softens a polymer in a form in which it can be molded by a stamp (usually PDMS). As the solvent evaporates, the polymer conforms to the... 

Rapid prototyping methods are not currently used to produce embossing dies. Nevertheless, when samples and prototypes are produced using hot-embossing techniques, moldings from rapid tooling methods or from nonhardened steel tools can be used (Section 7.2.6). 

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