Nonlinear optical polymer films

Chen A, Chuyanov V, Garner S, Steier WH, Dalton LR (1997) Modified attenuated total reflection for the fast and routine electro-optic measurements of nonlinear optical polymer films. In Organic thin films for photonic applications, vol 14. Optical Society of America, Washington DC,p 158... 

Suzuki, A., Matsuoka, Y., and Ikushima, A. J. Substrate effect on poling process of nonlinear optical polymer films. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 2-Letters, vol. 30, no. 8B, 15 Aug. 1991, L1493-L1495. 

Yilmaz, S., Bauer, S., and Gerhard-Multhaupt, R. (1994). Photothermal poling of nonlinear optical polymer films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 2770-2772. 

Kim, D. Y., Tripathy, S. K., Li, L., Kumar, J. (1995). Laser-induced holographic surface relief gratings on nonlinear optical polymer films. AppL Phys. Lett. 66,1166-1168. 

Yang GM, Bauer-Gogonea S, Sessler GM, Bauer S, Ren W, WWitges W, Gerhard(- Multhaupt) R (1994) Selective poling of nonlinear optical polymer films by means of a monoenergetic electron beam. Appl Phys Lett 64 22-24... 

Kim W H, Bihari B, Moody R, Kodah N B, Kumar J, Tripathy S K. (1995) Self-assembled spin-coated and bulk films of a novel poly(diacetylene) as second-order nonlinear optical polymers. Macromolecules 28 642-647... 

Kimura, et al. synthesized polymers bearing oligo-aromatic esters as side chains to form second-order nonlinear optical active polymers on the basis of architecture. The cut-off wavelength ( co) of these polymers is shorter than the visible region, i.e., kco ca. 330-370 nm, which are much shorter than the typical second order nonlinear optics polymer containing chromophores like azobenzene. These polymer films exhibit good transparency in the visible region. The second-order nonlinear optical coefficient, is 2.2-9.S pm.V... 

These materials are compatible with semiconductor technology. Low-oost thin films or waveguiding structures of polymers can be fabricated easily by fomiliar spincoating processes which meet the requirements of integrated nonlinear optics. Polymers and. in particular, side-chain polymers, liquid crystalline or amorphous ones, offer a high potential for molecular engioeering. 

Optical properties of cyanines can be usefiil for both chiral substituents/environments and also third-order nonlinear optical properties in polymer films. Methine-chain substituted die arbo cyanines have been prepared from a chiral dialdehyde (S)-(+)-2-j -butylmalonaldehyde [127473-57-8] (79), where the chiral properties are introduced via the chiral j -butyl group on the central methine carbon of the pentamethine (die arbo cyanine) chromophore. For a nonchiral oxadicarbocyanine, the dimeric aggregate form of the dye shows circular dichroism when trapped in y-cyclodextrin (80). Attempts to prepare polymers with carbocyanine repeat units (linked by flexible chains) gave oligomers with only two or three repeat units (81). However, these materials... 

Secondly, we describe the site-selective introduction of a functional molecule, tetrakis-5,10,15,20-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP), into the microphase separation structure of a diblock copolymer film of PS-fo-P4VP. Since porphyrin derivatives show various functionalities such as sensitization, redox activity, and nonlinear optical effect, a polymer nanodot array containing a porphyrin at a high concentration would be applicable to a light-harvesing and charge transporting nanochannel. 

In addition to studies of diacetylene single crystals, current research, activities are focused on studies of the second X and third x order nonlinear optical responses of disubstituted diacetylene polymer films as active optical guided wave structures. Diacetylene polymers possess X values comparable to germanium(j 7). In the first stage, three major questions are being addressed ... 

We first discuss the materials research which includes monomer synthesis, growth of monomer crystalline structures and polymerization in the solid state, yielding the requisite polymer structures. Next, the nonlinear optical experimental research is discussed which includes a novel experimental technique to measure x (w). Linear and nonlinear optical data obtained for the polydiacetylene films is subsequently presented. Detailed theoretical analysis relating the data to x (< >) and subsequently to its molecular basis will be discussed in a later publication. 

The nonlinear optical and dielectric properties of polymers find increasing use in devices, such as cladding and coatings for optical fibres, piezoelectric and optical fibre sensors, frequency doublers, and thin films for integrated optics applications. It is therefore important to understand the dielectric, optical and mechanical response of polymeric materials to optimize their usage. The parameters that are important to evaluate these properties of polymers are their dipole moment polarizability a, hyperpolarizabilities 0... 

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