Surface nucleic acids

Lemeshko SV, Powdrill T, Belosludtsev YY, Hogan M (2001) Oligonucleotides form a duplex with non-helical properties on a positively charged surface. Nucleic Acids Res 29 3051-3058... 

Tjong, H., Zhou, H.-X. DISPLAR An accurate method for predicting DNA-binding sites on protein surfaces. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007,35,1465-77. 

The activation of surface carboxylates was performed by placing 40 ml of a freshly prepared 10 mM water-soluble carbodi-imide in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) onto ITO. The carbodiimide was allowed to dry on ITO surface. Nucleic acids were then coupled to the activated ITO surface [319]. 

Avidin is a high-molecular protein found in egg white (albumen). Alternatively, streptavidin extracted from steptomyces can be used in place of avidin. Avidin has a strong affinity to biotiny which is found in egg yolk. Biotin, also known as vitamin H, is a low-molecular, water-soluble B-complex vitamin (Fig. 7.27). One avidin molecule can bind up to four biotin molecules. The bond is very strong and stable against extreme pH. Since avidin only requires the bicyclic system of biotin, the carboxylic group of the latter can be used for further linkages. For sensor application, commonly the transducer surface is modified by avidin. The probe molecule is biotinylated and linked to the transducer surface. Nucleic acids and proteins, among them enzymes, can be biotinylated easily. 

Connolly M L 1983a. Solvent-accessible Surfaces of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Science 221 709-713. 

Plus One REPEL-SILANE ES (a solution of 2% w/v of dichloromethyl silane in octamethyl cyclooctasilane) is used to inhibit the sticking of polyacrylamide gels, agarose gels and nucleic acids to glass surfaces and is available commercially (Amersham Biosciences). 

The neutral hydrophilic surface and the wide range of pore diameters available for SynChropak GPC allow many compounds from small peptides to nucleic acids and other polymers to be analyzed. Table 10.2 lists the approximate exclusion limits for both linear and globular solutes. Although this information... 

Biomolecules interact with one another through molecular surfaces that are structurally complementary. How can various proteins interact with molecules as different as simple ions, hydrophobic lipids, polar but uncharged carbohydrates, and even nucleic acids ... 

Besides trace metals, adsorptive stripping voltammetry has been shown to be highly suitable for measuring organic compounds (including cardiac or anticancer drugs, nucleic acids, vitamins, and pesticides) that exhibit surface-active properties. 

Classical gene transfer methods still in use today are diethylamino ethyl (DEAE)-dextran and calcium phosphate precipitation, electroporation, and microinjection. Introduced in 1965, DEAE-dextran transfection is one of the oldest gene transfer techniques [2]. It is based on the interaction of positive charges on the DEAE-dextran molecule with the negatively charged backbone of nucleic acids. The DNA-DEAE-dextran complexes appear to adsorb onto cell surfaces and be taken up by endocytosis. 

The immobilization of the hyperbranched spherical structures onto physical transducers greatly increases the binding capacity of the surface and leads to enhanced sensitivity and extended linearity of biosensors. Nucleic acid dendrimers were prepared and their amplification properties for the detection of DNA were examined using mass-sensitive transducers [45, 46]. Antibodies... 

Lamhoujeb, S., Fliss, I., Ngazoa, S. E., and Jean, J. (2008). Evaluation of the persistence of infectious human noroviruses on food surfaces by using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 3349-3355. 

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