Surface modification ozone

When the films were treated in either an oxygen plasma environment or under UV/ozone irradiation, the rates of oxidation were faster for the plasma process. Irradiation of chitosan solution showed that UV/ozone induces depolymerization. In both plasma and UV/ozone reactions, the main active component for surface modification was UV irradiation at a wavelength below 360 nm [231]. 

Efimenko K, Wallace WE, Genzer J (2002) Surface modification of Sylgard-184 poly(dimethyl siloxane) networks by ultraviolet and ultraviolct/ozone treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 254 306-315... 

This last compound also prevent the penetration of metal salts in the depth of the polymer. Otherwise, other authors such as Janssen et al. [153, 154] investigated the chemical modification of polydimethylsiloxane to prepare materials used in the medical field. Hence, they modified the wettability of PDMS by a treatment of surfaces with ozone followed by UV decomposi-... 

DBDs are nonequilibrium plasmas at atmospheric pressure with applications in ozone generation, surface modification, pollution control, excimer lamps, and recently also in flat plasma display panels (Kogelschatz, 2003). Typical planar DBD configurations are shown in Figure 2. They have at... 

Other Methods Examples for other methods include co-casting of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic polymer that contains amine, imine, hydroxyl, or carboxyl groups [61,89] surface modification by oxidation with ozone or by exposure to an electron or ion-beam ultrasonic etching and UV or laser irradiation [90-92]. A variety of functional groups have been also introduced onto the membrane surfaces by applying the gas discharge techniques (plasma treatment) operated at low or ambient pressure [93,94]. 

Chemical surface modification methods of gas-separation membranes include treatment with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or ozone. These treatments result in an increase in membrane selectivity with a decrease in flux. Cross-linking of polymers is often applied to improve the chemical stability and selectivity of membranes for reverse osmosis, pervaporation, and gas-separation applications (41). Mosqueda-Jimenez and co-workers studied the addition of surface modifying macromolecules, and the use of the additive... 

Polymer surface modifications are omnipresent in applications where the surface properties of materials with favorable bulk properties are insufficient. By altering the surface characteristics using physical or chemical modification the desired surface properties may be achieved. Such treatments are required e.g. to enhance printability of films, the adhesion of paints, metal or other coatings, biocompatibility, protein resistances/reduced biofouling, etc. The diverse approaches met in practice include, among others, wet chemical and gas phase chemistry, plasma or corona, UV/ozone and flame treatments. In most cases surface chemical modification reactions take place that alter the surface energy in a desired way. For example,... 

This entry introduces applications of ozone technology in various areas water and wastewater treatment control of the microbial safety of food decontamination of soils polymer surface modification and bleaching paper pulps. For water and wastewater treatment, in addition to being used alone, ozone is increasingly used in combination with heterogenous catalysts, UV/H2O2 (advanced oxidation process), and biological treatment to enhance ozonation efficiency. The discussion that follows mainly introduces the applications of ozone in water and wastewater treatment because ozone has been both extensively and intensively used in this area however, it does briefly describe other applications. 

Ozone has been applied successfully and extensively for water and wastewater treatment. Ozone also has been used as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent in many food applications. Other applications of ozone include soil decontamination, polymer surface modification, and bleaching paper pulps. It is recognized that for water treatment, the combined use of ozone with either biological treatment, or heterogenous catalysts, or UV and/or H2O2 makes the whole process more efficient. 

Yuan, Y. Zhang, J. Ai, F. Yuan, J. Zhou, J. Shen, J. Surface modification of SPEU films by ozone induced graft copolymerization to improve hemocompatibility. Colloid. Surf. B. Biointerfaces 2003, 29, 247-256. 

A wide array of surface modification techniques, ranging from simple to sophisticated, wet to dry, and vacuum to nonvacuum, are available for a host of polymeric materials. They include plasma surface treatment laser surface treatment corona, flame, UV, ozone, UV/ozone, photochemical, photografting, chemical grafting, and chemical methods of stuface modification and modification of polyamide surfaces by microorganisms [7]. 

For surface modification applications, thick grafting layers are unnecessary and even undesirable because they may change bulk physical properties of the polymer, such as crystallinity and tensile modulus. A two-step method can be used to minimize the formation of the homopolymer. The polymer is preirradiated in air to produce peroxide groups on the surface. Grafting is subsequently initiated thermally in contact with a monomer. Other methods such as corona discharge, ozone treatment, and plasma treatment have also been used to generate peroxide groups on polymer surfaces. 

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