Surface-enhanced Raman analysis

Li Y.S., Vo-Dinh T., Stokes D.L., Yu W., Surface-enhanced Raman analysis of p-nitroaniline on vacuum evaporation and chemically deposited silver-coated alumina substrates,Appl. Spectrosc 1992 46 1354-1357. 

Recent developments in the mechanisms of corrosion inhibition have been discussed in reviews dealing with acid solutions " and neutral solu-tions - . Novel and improved experimental techniques, e.g. surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy , infrared spectroscopy. Auger electron spectroscopyX-ray photoelectron spectroscopyand a.c. impedance analysis have been used to study the adsorption, interaction and reaction of inhibitors at metal surfaces. 

There are still other surface analysis techniques including ellipsometry, surface enhanced Raman scattering, light scattering, nano-hardness measurements etc. which are used for specific investigations. It is, however, already evident from this discussion that many new and powerful techniques now are available which offer the capability of investigating various aspects of polymer surfaces on a molecular level. Some of those techniques are surface specific while others can be used for the analysis of buried interfaces, too. 

Vo-Dinh T., Hiromoto M.Y.K., Begun G.M., Moody R. L., Surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry for trace organic-analysis, Anal. Chem. 1984 56 1667-1670. 

Vo-Dinh T., Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectrometry, in Chemical Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Vo-Dinh T. ed., Wiley, New York (1989). 

Ni F., Sheng R.S., Cotton T.M., Flow-injection analysis and real-time detection of RNA bases by surface-enhanced Raman-spectroscopy, Anal. Chem. 1990 62 1958-1963. 

Sequaris J.M.L., Koglin E., Direct analysis of high-performance thin-layer chromatography spots of nucleic purine derivatives by surface-enhanced raman-scattering spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 1987 59 525-527. 

The broadband analysis was confirmed by the experimental results mentioned in Sect. 5.4.1. This method can also be further enhanced by some of the techniques described in Sects. 5.4.2 and 5.4.3. The conclusion is that these methods of microcavity-enhanced optical absorption sensing provide compact, inexpensive, and sensitive detectors for molecular species in the ambient gas or liquid, and that further increases in sensitivity can be implemented to make them even more competitive. The molecular-transition specificity that is implicit in absorption spectroscopy is a limiting restriction, but the surface-enhanced Raman sensing that is enabled by metallic nanoparticles on the microresonator surface can significantly increase the number of molecular species that could be detected. 

A. Ruperez and J.J. Laserna, Surface-enhanced Raman sensor, Analysis, 23(2) (1995) 91-93. 

J.M. Bello, V.A. Narayanan, D.L. Stokes and T. Vo-Dinh, Fiber-optic remote sensor for in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis, Anal. Chem., 62(22) (1990) 2437-2441. 

In addition to the indirect experimental evidence coming from work function measurements, information about water orientation at metal surfaces is beginning to emerge from recent applications of a number of in situ vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and second harmonic generation have been used to investigate the structure of water at different metal surfaces, but the pictures emerging from all these studies are not always consistent, partially because of surface modification and chemical adsorption, which complicate the analysis. 

Based partly on UV-vis absorption but mostly on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) data, the electrochemical oxidation product from 9-hydroxyellipticine (9-OH-E) 13a at Pt and Ag electrodes and that from A -methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium cation (NMHE) 13b at those electrodes and also by horseradish peroxidase-H2O2 were studied and their structures identified <1996JRS539>. The products, 9-oxoellipticine (9-oxo-E) 14a from 9-OH-E and A -methyl-9-oxoellipticinium cation (NMOE) 14b from NMHE both have quinone-imine structures readily identified from the vibrational analysis of their SERS spectra. 

Applications of Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering to the Analysis of Eukaryotic Samples... 

The second section is dedicated to the preparation for nucleic acid analysis. Specific examples of DNA and RNA analyses are presented, along with the description of techniques used in these procedures. Sections on high-throughput workstations and microfabricated devices are included. The third section deals with sample preparation techniques used in microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman. 

Chemiluminescence is a very sensitive and selective technique. Reagent types, analytes, and detection limits have been summarized in a review by Imai.56 Chemiluminescence has been applied to the analysis of compounds that exhibit low UV absorbance, including metal ions, amino acids, fatty acids, and bile acids. Other detectors include detectors for radioactivity, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Radioactivity detection is one of the most selective detectors, as only components that have been radiolabeled will be detected. The interface of NMR with HPLC and has been discussed in detail by Grenier-Loustalot et al.57 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is another technique that... 

Pieczonka, N. P. W., Aroca, R. F. (2008). Single molecule analysis by surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering. Chem. Soc. Rev., in press, doi 10.1039/b709739p. 

Kahl M, Voges E (2000) Analysis of plasmon resonance and surface enhanced Raman scattering on periodic silver structures. Phys Rev B 61 14078... 

Nabiev IR, Morjani H, Manfait M (1991) Selective analysis of antitumor drug interaction with living cancer cells as probed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Eur Biophys J 19 311 Xiao M, Nyagilo J, Arora V, Kulkami P, Xu DS, Sun XK, Dave DP (2010) Gold nanotags for combined multi-colored Raman spectroscopy and x-ray computed tomography. Nanotechnology 21 1-8... 

Baker GA, Moore DS (2005) Progress in plasmonic engineering of surface-enhanced Raman-scattering substrates toward ultra-trace analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 382(8) 1751-1770... 

Lai S, Grady NK, Kundu J, Levin CS, Lassiter JB, Halas NJ (2008) Tailoring plasmonic substrates for surface enhanced spectroscopies. Chem Soc Rev 37(5) 898-911 Baker GA, Moore DS (2005) Progress in plasmonic engineering of surface-enhanced Raman-scattering substrates toward ultra-trace analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 382(8) 1751-1770... 

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