Surface dyeing

Ocular surface dye staining assesses the ocular surface and will show blotchy or exposure-zone punctate areas in the dry eye. 

Figure 22 Schematic view of three strategies for the preparation of monodirectional antenna materials, (a) Organisation of zeohte L crystals on a substrate. The channels are oriented perpendicular to the surface. Dye molecules can only be inserted from one side, (b) Multilayer organization of charged polymers and zeolite L crystals loaded with different dyes, (c) Multilayer organization of oppositely charged zeolite L crystals.

Many commercial processes involving surface dyeing and printing (e.g., on film and containers) employ thermooxidation as a pretreatment step. Dyes adhere poorly to HDPE surfaces but their adhesion can be improved by thermooxidation of the surface layer by treatment with an open flame or 111 a strong electric field. 

Availability of Internal Surfaces to Dve Molecules. Absorption of cationic dyes by dilute suspension is an interesting tool for obtaining information on the availability of the clay surface. Dyes such as methylene blue, safranine, etc. undergo protonation and molecular association within the interlamellar space. Both these chemical driving forces may overcome the cohesion forces between clay sheets. Table 1 shows the results of the analysis of the... 

Sakata T, Hashimoto K, Hiramoto M. New Aspects of electron transfer on semiconductor surface dye-sensitization system. J Phys Chem 1990 94 3040-5. 

Emulsifier EL is a highly effective dispersant/emulsifier. Its use significantly reduces cross-staining and surface dyeing. As a scavenger during afterscouring of printed and dyed fabrics, the product removes surface dye and prevents its redeposition. 

Economical leveling and dispersing agent for polyester and blends. Inhibits cross-straining. As an after scour, ELA prevents redeposition of surface dye. 

Nonionic emulsifier/dispersant. Prevents redeposition of surface dye in afterscour of dyed and printed fabrics. Offers excellent leveling and reduced cross-staining in polyester and polyester/cotton package. 

Scours surface dye from printed or dyed fabrics without redeposition, Inhibits cross staining. Also recommended as a leveling and dispersing agent for polyester/cotton dyeing. 

The work of Kemnitz et al. (25) suggests a similar investigation for semiconductor surfaces. Dyes of various degrees of skeletal rigidity should be used in time-resolved fluorescence experiments in order to clarify the processes responsible for on semiconductors. The effects of mechanical polishing and of etching of the semiconductor surface (which introduce and remove surface traps, respectively) on the fluorescence decay might help identify the surface sites. 

Clink. [Yoshimura Oil Chem.] Surfactant blends cleaning agent for metal surfaces, dye machines, heavy duty applies. 

Linford MR, Auch M, Mohwald H. 1998. Nonmonotonic effect of ionic strength on surface dye extraction during dye polyelectrolyte multilayer formation. J Am Chem Soc 120(1) 178 182. 

Sarmadi, A.M., Kwon, Y.A., 1993. Improved water repellency and surface dyeing of polyester fabrics by plasma treatment. Text. Chem. Color. 25 (12), 33-40. 

Uses Dyeing textiles, sheepskins, furs colorant for polymethyl methacrylate and nylon surface dyeing of cellulose acetate Regulatory SARA 313 reportable Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, ICN Biomed. Research Prods. http //www.icnbiomed.com Disperse yellow 54... 

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