Supramolecular microstructures

A solution-based self-assembly approach by direct mixing of H2PtCl6 and Ru(bpy)3Cl2 aqueous solutions was employed for the synthesis of Ru(bpy)3 " -containing supramolecular microstructure [65]. These microstructures possess exceptional ECL behaviors and hence hold great promise as new luminescent materials. These structures consist of a large quantity of star-shaped microstructures with six branches developing the idea that electrostatic attractions between... 

Sun X, Du Y, Zhang L, Dong S, Wang E (2007) Luminescent supramolecular microstructures containing Ru(bpy)3 solution-based self-assembly preparation and solid-state electrochemiluminescence detection application. Anal Chem 79(6) 2588-2592. doi 10.1021/ac062130h... 

In any case, the results of this investigation stress the importance of the structure of the monomer (and of the resulting polymer chain) for the conductive properties of the polymer this factor has been disregarded in many cases by investigators in comparison with the attention attributed to supramolecular microstructures, such as polymer morphology (spatial arrangement of the polymer chains), or even macrostructural features such as grain boundaries or defects. 

Apart from molecular, or supramolecular design, modified electrodes can be improved by microstructuring. Two different strategies have been developed multilayered electrodes 272) of microelectrodes 6,273)... 

In a pure PB-PS block copolymer, both sequences are immiscible and the microstructure will be diphasic (at a supramolecular or nanoscopic level). If the ratio is such that PS particles are dispersed into a matrix of PB, below the Tg of PS, the system behaves like crosslinked PB, hence as an elastomer. However, above the Tg of PS, the system becomes viscous and can be processed like a thermoplastic. 

Molecular calculations provide approaches to supramolecular structure and to the dynamics of self-assembly by extending atomic-molecular physics. Alternatively, the tools of finite element analysis can be used to approach the simulation of self-assembled film properties. The voxel4 size in finite element analysis needs be small compared to significant variation in structure-property relationships for self-assembled structures, this implies use of voxels of nanometer dimensions. However, the continuum constitutive relationships utilized for macroscopic-system calculations will be difficult to extend at this scale because nanostructure properties are expected to differ from microstructural properties. In addition, in structures with a high density of boundaries (such as thin multilayer films), poorly understood boundary conditions may contribute to inaccuracies. 

How are these crystals arranged in supramolecular aggregates That is, what is their morphology and the microstructure in a polycrystalline specimen ... 

Substantially more work is done on the elucidation of properties of regenerated silk, compared to film materials in view of the difficulty to fabricate uniform films. From Table 3, it can be concluded that the mechanical properties of man-made silk materials are inferior to the natural ones. This can be attributed to the fact that the final properties are greatly affected by the structural hierarchies. Typically, the "artificial" materials do not contain the controllable microstructure and supramolecular structure that natural ones possess. 

Loos, K. Munoz Guerra, S. Supramolecular Polymers-Chapter 7 Microstructure and Crystallization of Rigid-Coil Comblike Polymers and Block Copolymers, Marcel Dekker New York, 2000. 

The practical use of self-assembled systems in technological applications requires that the supramolecular assembly survive and function under a variety of conditions. Another strategy for obtaining stability is by polymerization of the microstructures following self-assembly. There have been intensive studies in this area.45,46 Fatty acids with polymerizable groups have been used to prepare polymerizable... 

Loos K, Munoz-Guerra S (2000) Microstructure and crystallization of rigid-coil comblike polymers and block copolymers. In Ciferri A (ed) Supramolecular polymers, Chap 7. Dekker, New York... 

Interfacial structure The role of electrochemical phenomena at interfaces between ionic, electronic, photonic, and dielectric materials is reviewed. Also reviewed are opportunities for research concerning microstructure of solid surfaces, the influence of the electric field on electrochemical processes, surface films including corrosion passivity, electrocatalysis and adsorption, the evolution of surface shape, and self-assembly in supramolecular domains. 

A related bipolar dodecane possessing A-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine terminal units has been shown [24] to form bundles of braided tapes in a hexane/EtOAc mixture. In order to probe the function of the urethane moieties, deprotection afforded the corresponding bis(a-aminoamide), which gave solids lacking any microstructural character. Bolaphiles composed of straight chain alkane termini have been reported [25] to afford self-assembled supramolecular structures in water. 

Kulikovska O, Goldenberg LM, Stumpe J. 2007. Supramolecular azobenzene based materials for optical generation of microstructures. Chem Mater 19 3343 3348. 

Wenbin, L. Weiping, L. Wong, K.W. Marks, T.J. Supramolecular approaches to second-order nonlinear optical materials. Self-assembly and microstructural characterization of intrinsically acentric [(Aminophenyl)azo)]-pyridinium superlattices. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996. 118 (34), 8034. 

Powder diffraction studies can provide a wealth of structural and nonstriictural information. Powder diffraction studies can provide quantitative information on multiphasic samples, atoinic coordinates similar to those from single-crystal studies, and give microstructural information on the properties of individual crystallites. The ease with which nonambient experiments can be performed makes powder diffraction one of the more powerful characterization tools available to the supramolecular chemist. 

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