Supra-molecular chemistry

Vogtle, F. (1989). Supramolekulare Chemie. Teubner, Stuttgart (1991) Supra-molecular Chemistry. Wiley, Chichester... 

Keywords. Rotaxane dendrimers. Host-guest interaction, Recognition, Self-assembly, Supra-molecular chemistry... 

At the present time, there is a striking contrast between the extensive development of fluorescent probes for cation recognition and the limited number of available probes for anions notwithstanding the great need for the latter. This is due to the difficulty of the design of selective anion receptors progress made in the relevant field of supra-molecular chemistry will certainly lead in the future to new selective fluorescent signaling receptors of anions. 

Molecular Recognition Receptors for Molecular Guests Vbgtle, F., Ed. Comprehensive Supra-molecular Chemistry 2 Elsevier Science Oxford, UK, 1996. 

As regulation systems involving effectors, coupled transfers of charges and of mass, gates and pumps, transport processes extend towards the chemistry of information storage and retrieval at the molecular level, and are a major component in the design of molecular ionic devices (see Section 8.4). They thus open wide perspectives for the basic and applied developments of the functional features of supra-molecular chemistry. 

A look at the original synthesis of dibenzo[18] crown-6 (Scheme 3.2) suggests a possible side reaction that might have resulted in the crown ethers never being discovered at all. The fortuitous macrocycle dibenzo [18] crown-6 that gave birth to modern supra molecular chemistry might never have formed... 

G. Kaupp, Troger s Base Derivatives, in Encyclopedia of Supra-molecular Chemistry (J. L. Atwood and J. W. Steed, eds.), pp. 1-10, Marcel Dekker, New York (2004). 

Bicyclic structures of cell type 435, named by J.M. Lehn as kryptandform extremely stable complexes, known as kryptates, with various metal ions, hiding them in an inner cavity. Such compounds have an important role in modern supra-molecular chemistry [268,581],... 

Advances in supra-molecular chemistry have enabled the synthesis of a variety of tailor-made complex molecules, which have been designed to meet different requirements such as a high conductivity, the possibility of switching between two states triggered either by photons or electrons, a stiff rod-like structure and good solubility. 

Much better than physicists, chemists are in an ideal position to develop bottom-up strategies towards the design of molecular-level machines, since they are able to manipulate molecules, i.e., the smallest entities of matter that have distinct shapes and properties. Forty years ago, however, the chemical community was not ready to receive Feynman s stimulation. Only recently, after the development of supra-molecular chemistry [1], has the study of artiflcial molecular-level machines become an important research topic in chemistry [15, 26-28, 33]. 

J. D. Dunitz, in Perspectives in Supra-molecular Chemistry The Crystal as a Supramolecular Entity, G. R. Desiraju (Ed.), Wiley, Amsterdam, 1995. 

As already mentioned in the introduction tetrad structures are also found in structures us in supra-molecular chemistry. " The topologies found in the structures analyzed and shown in Table 1 are IV. 1, IV.2, IV.3 and IV.4. 

For reviews see F. Toda, Supramol. ScL 1996, 3, 139 F. Toda, in Sohd-State Supra-molecular Chemistry Crystal Engineering , Eds. D. D. MacNicol and F. Toda, Elsevier, Oxford, 1996, Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol. 6, pp. 465-516. 

SzEjTLi, f. Comprehensive Supra-molecular Chemistry Pergamon ... 

T. M. Flyes, W. F. van Steaaten-Nijenhuis, In Comprehensive Supra-molecular Chemistry, D. N. Reinhoudt (Fd.) Pergamon, Oxford, 1996. 

Dodziuk, H. In Introduction to supra-molecular chemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, 2002, p 216. 

Descalzo AB, Martmez-Mffiez R, Sancenon F, Hoffmann K, Rurack K (2006) The supra-molecular chemistry of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Angew Chem Int Ed 45 5924... 

Gutsche, C.D. Filling the Baskets Complex Formation with Calixarenes. In Calixarenes Monograph in Supra-molecular Chemistry Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge, 1989 Vol. 1. 149-185. 

Liquid clathrates represent an interesting area of supra-molecular chemistry. Over the years, the move from air-sensitive to air-stable liquid clathrate systems greatly simplified their handling procedures. Also, with the emergence of air-stable liquid clathrate systems, their possible applications broadened beyond early useful applications of coal liquefaction and hydrocarbon separations to include aqueous separations and catalytic systems. 

During the last two decades, there has been an enormous increase in the use of photophysical methods in supra-molecular chemistry. Until recently, photophysical methods, such as transient spectrometry and time-resolved fluorescence spectrometry, were primarily research tools in the arenas of photokinetics of small molecules, materials physics, and biophysics. This situation changed dramatically with the introduction of commercial, user-friendly electro-optical components such as charge-coupled detector (ED)-based spectrometers, solid-state pulsed lasers, and other instrumentation necessary for time-resolved measurements. As a result, time-resolved spectrometry became more available to the community of supramolecular chemists, who now reached the level of sophistication that can benefit from the new horizons offered. 

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