Suppliers, Chinese

Quality still remains the No. 1 criteria for any outsourcing activity. Imports from third-party suppliers account for greater than 80% of APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredient) in the United States and 40% of medicinal products, yet the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) continues to conduct far fewer foreign compared to domestic inspections (Mullin, 2011). Contaminated heparin was judged as the cause of 81 deaths in the United States in 2008. FDA traced the contaminated API to a Chinese supplier (Changzhou SPL Co.). 

The ongoing globalization either can develop to the benefit of the emerging Chinese and Indian fine-chemical companies or, if these companies do not succeed in becoming partners of the global life science industry, will allow the top-tier Western companies to maintain their preferred supplier status. 

Unprepared for cut-throat competition. As we mentioned earlier, Chinese companies are ruthless in their efficiency, and foreign players trying to emulate this can run into major hurdles. In particular they are at threat from a weak intellectual property environment, disappointing supplier quality, and unreliable local distributors. 

Most of this growth has concerned the growth of China and suppliers of commodity resins and chemical intermediates to the rapidly growing Chinese market. 

Several companies in India and China make j -naphthol using sulfonation-caustic fusion technologies. Many Indian companies were forced to close down as the Chinese material was found to be much cheaper. a-Naphthol is mostly recovered as a co-product during /(-naphthol manufacture. Also the Union Carbide technology after its Bhopal plant disaster and subsequent closure has been used by one or two companies in a pirated form. Using the conventional technology, China has already became the largest supplier of j6-naphthol in the world. 

Formation water salinity and divalents are critical to chemical EOR processes for both surfactants and polymers. Although chemical suppliers claim their products can be tolerant to high salinity, most of the chemical EOR processes have been applied in low-salinity reservoirs. For most of the Chinese EOR projects, the formation water salinity is below 10,000 ppm, and fresh water is injected. The criterion Al-Bahar et al. (2004) discussed is 50,000 ppm salinity and 1000 ppm hardness. This 1000 ppm hardness is probably too high or needs... 

According to Taber et al. (1997a, 1997b), the reservoir temperature should be lower than 93°C for A/S/P projects, but the average temperature for the actual A/S field projects they reported was 27°C. The average temperature for their reviewed 171 polymer projects was 49°C for the projects (Taber et al., 1997b) however, some chemical suppliers state that polymer can be applied up to 120°C. Daqing reservoir temperature is about 45°C. The maximum temperature for a few Chinese projects was in the order of 80°C. The criterion Al-Bahar et al. (2004) used is 70°C, which is on the lower side. Sorbie s (1991) upper limit for polymer is 80°C, and the maximum is 95°C. 

Astragalus can be quite expensive when purchased from herbal suppliers or health food stores. The same product can be purchased from most Chinese or Asian markets, sometimes for as little as one-tenth the price charged by herbal marketers. 

You should know much earlier what you re doing. You should know why and how you re telling the story. I mean, there are many, many films about Chinese factories. But if you re going to a Chinese factory, why are you filming the Chinese factory What are you trying to tell people There was one film we showed. Made in China [distributed as A Decent Factory], which is about a Nokia supplier in China. And what they filmed was a visit to a factory by a Nokia ethical consultant and a Nokia executive. 

A new type of intumescent additive is expandable graphite. This material has already found uses as a special effect pigment due to its metallic sheen and grey-black colour. Nord-Min has been developed by suppliers Nordmann Rassmann with flame retarding of plastics in mind. It is a halogen-free fire barrier additive from Chinese sources, based on natural graphite flakes with... 

As in the case of specialty chemicals, fine chemical multinationals with a global reach are likely to become partners of choice for their multinational customers. However, in selected market segments, European custom synthesis or building blocks suppliers face aggressive competition from China as their Chinese competitors are in a superior cost position for the following reasons ... 

Even in their home markets, European custom synthesis or building blocks suppliers, face aggressive competition from China. The situation in the Chinese market is even worse and European Fine Chemical manufacturers particularly in the area of (Generic) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients are already loosing significant market share against Chinese competitors. 

A TCM plant has been chosen as a case study. E-fang Traditional Chinese Medicine Company is a TCM plant located in Guangdong province of China. Its main products are refined powders of TCM made through advanced extraction technique. The production processes use raw materials provided by suppliers distributed in different parts of China. The products are sold both domestic and overseas. 

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