Supergroup

S C and 8 0 of carbonates from southern Kyushu (Hokusatsu gold district) have been studied in detail (Matsuhisa et al., 1985 Morishita, 1993). Morishita (1993) found that the S C values of hydrothermal solution in the district during the mineralization stages were low (—ll%c), compared with that of average crustal carbon (—7%o), suggesting that of hydrothermal solution is controlled by organic carbon in widely distributed sedimentay rocks of the Cretaceous Shimanto Supergroup basement. 

Sedimentary rocks often occur as host rocks, footwall rocks and basement rocks in the Non-Green tuff mine area. For example, in southern Kyushu, the Shimanto Supergroup shale is dominant as basement and a host rock for epithermal Au-Ag vein-type deposits (e.g., Hishikari). 

S S value of sedimentary rocks of the Shimanto Supergroup which hosts the Hishikari deposits, southern Kyushu is — 12%o (Ishihara et al., 1986) which is considerably lower than those of the Hishikari deposits (+l%o to - -2%c) (Shikazono, unpublished. This suggests that sedimentary sulfide sulfur is one of the sources of the sulfides and probably igneous sulfide sulfur is the dominant source. 

Morishita (1993) showed based on carbon isotopic composition of carbonates that carbon of carbonates in the gold-bearing quartz vein in southern Kyushu was derived from the Shimanto Supergroup shale. Imai et al. (1998) considered that hydrogen in the ore fluids was derived from the Shimanto Supergroup shale based on 5D (—60%o to — 100%c) of inclusion fluids in quartz and adularia of the Hishikari veins. These isotopic... 

The district is composed of sedimentary rocks of the pre-Paleogene Shimanto Supergroup (dominantly shale and sandstone) and Quaternary andesitic and dacitic volcanic rocks. The Shimanto Supergroup is comprised of shale, sandstone and their alternations. Although no fossil data are available, the age of sedimentation is thought to be middle to upper Cretaceous age from its lithology (Izawa et al., 1990). The Shimanto... 

Supergroup rocks in the Hishikari district suffered hydrothermal alteration. Chlorite, quartz and sericite occur abundantly near the veins. The other constituents are pyrite, albite, calcite and organic matter. 

Quaternary volcanic rocks unconformably overlie the Shimanto Supergroup. Quaternary volcanic rocks consist of Hishikari Lower Andesites (0.98-1.62 Ma), Hishikari Middle Andesites (0.78-0.79 Ma), Kurozonsan Dacites (0.95-1.56 Ma), Shishimano Dacites (0.66-1.6 Ma), and Hannyaji Welded Tuff (0.56-0.731 Ma) (Izawa et ah, 1990, 1993). 

The area consists of Quaternary late Pliocene pyroclastics and sedimentary rocks. Marine mudstone and sandstone of Mesozoic-lower Tertiary Shimanto Supergroup are overlain by these rocks. Thick (more than 1,000 m) dacitic tuffs interbedded with marine sedimentary rocks of late Pliocene-early Pleistocene age occur. These rocks overlie altered andesite lava and dacitic pyroclastics of Miocene-late Pliocene (Yoshimura et al., 1988). 

A more complex example may be represented by TaSe2 its modification called 2H-TaSe2 is hexagonal (space group P6 mmc, with two formula units in the unit cell). This layered compound shows a displacive 2D modulation (defined by two vectors) its symmetry may be therefore described in terms of a supergroup in a 5D superspace (Janner and Janssen 1980). A general point is therefore denoted by the 5 parameters x,y,z, t, u, and a position vector by the five components xa + yb + zc + td + ue of the superspace, with a, b, c basis in the position space and d and e in the internal subspace . 

Klein C, Beukes NJ (1989) Geochemistry and sedimentology of a facies transition from limestone to iron-formation deposition in the early Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa Econ Geol 84 1733-... 

Sholkovitz ER, Elderfield H, Szymczak R, Casey K (1999) Island weathering riverine sources of rare earth elements to the western Pacific Ocean. Marine Chem 68 39-57 Skulan JL, Beard BL, Johnson CM (2002) Kinetic and equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(III) and hematite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66 2995-3015 Sumner DY (1997) Carbonate precipitation and oxygen stratification in Late Archean seawater as deduced from facies and stratigraphy of the Gamohaan and Frisco Formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Am J Sci 297 455-487... 

Bau M, Dulski P (1996) Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precam Res 79 37-55 Bau M, Hohndorf A, Dulski P, Beukes NJ (1997) Sources of rare-earth elements and iron in Paleoproterozoic iron-formations from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa evidence from neodymium isotopes. J Geol 105 121-129... 

Sumner DY (1997) Carbonate precipitation and oxygen stratification in Late Archean seawater as deduced from facies and stratigraphy of the Gamohaan and Frisco Formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Am J Sci 297 455-487... 

The left element on each line is a name for the field (or record) which is shown in the right element. The ORDER of this group is 2. The OPERAND list used for this example was the numbers 4 and 5. The Gensym symbols for the two group elements are stored in the GROUP-LIST field. As was explained earlier, property lists were attached to each of these which contained the multiplication table and other information. The elements of the CLASS-LIST and CHARACTER-LIST fields contain the information indicated by their names. In the above examples, we did not work with the subgroup of S2, so NIL is stored there but the direct product name S3-DP-S2 is stored in the field SUPERGROUPS. Attached to this name (not shown) is the association list for the correlation between the representations, which was used for the construction of Table IV. 

The Hackett River VMS deposits are hosted within the Ignerit Formation and are part Yellowknife Supergroup within the Slave Craton. The Ignerit Formation consists of highly silicified felsic volcanic rocks of calc-alkaline affinity that are intercalated with discontinuous lenses of calc-silicate that are interpreted to be tuffs... 

VAN Staal, C.R., Wilson, R.A., Rogers, N., et at. 2003. Geology and tectonic history of the Bathurst Supergroup, Bathurst Mining Camp, and its relationships to coeval rocks in southwestern New Brunswick and adjacent Maine a synthesis. Economic Geology Monograph, 11, 37-60. 

Supergroup. The principal rock-types in the intrusion are syenites, granites and gabbros, and associated pegmatitic bodies hosting rare metal mineralization. Five distinct zones of rare metal mineralization have been identified as potentially economic. The Lake Zone is one of them and is characterized by its enrichment in the more valuable HREE (Eu, Tb, and Dy), relative to light rare earths (LREE, i.e.. La and Ce) (Palmer Broad 2007). 

Fig 1. Regional geology map of the Victoria Lake Supergroup showing the Tulks Volcanic Belt occurring from the south west to the north central part of the map area. Also shown are the other volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (modified from Hinchey 2007). 

Evans, D.T.W. Kean, B.F. 2002. The Victoria Lake Supergroup, centrai Newfoundiand -its definition, setting, and voicanogenic massive suifide mineraiization. Government of Newfoundiand and Labrador, Depart of Mines and Energy, Geoiogicai Survey Branch, Open File NFLD/2790, 68 p. 

Rogers, N. van Staal, C. 2002. Toward a Victoria Lake Supergroup A provisional stratigraphic revision of the Red Indian to Victoria Lakes Area, Central Newfoundland. In Current Research, Newfoundland... 

Lithogeochemistry of the Meguma Supergroup, Nova Scotia, Canada petrographic constraints, depositional environments and alteration haloes about sediment hosted hydrothermal mineral deposits... 

Keywords Meguma supergroup, lithogeochemistry, stratigraphy, alteration haloes, sedimentary environment. 

Fig. 1. Map of Nova Scotia illustrating the location of the Meguma Supergroup.

---