Transvaal Supergroup

Klein C, Beukes NJ (1989) Geochemistry and sedimentology of a facies transition from limestone to iron-formation deposition in the early Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa Econ Geol 84 1733-... 

Sholkovitz ER, Elderfield H, Szymczak R, Casey K (1999) Island weathering riverine sources of rare earth elements to the western Pacific Ocean. Marine Chem 68 39-57 Skulan JL, Beard BL, Johnson CM (2002) Kinetic and equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(III) and hematite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66 2995-3015 Sumner DY (1997) Carbonate precipitation and oxygen stratification in Late Archean seawater as deduced from facies and stratigraphy of the Gamohaan and Frisco Formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Am J Sci 297 455-487... 

Bau M, Dulski P (1996) Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precam Res 79 37-55 Bau M, Hohndorf A, Dulski P, Beukes NJ (1997) Sources of rare-earth elements and iron in Paleoproterozoic iron-formations from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa evidence from neodymium isotopes. J Geol 105 121-129... 

Sumner DY (1997) Carbonate precipitation and oxygen stratification in Late Archean seawater as deduced from facies and stratigraphy of the Gamohaan and Frisco Formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Am J Sci 297 455-487... 

Button (1976) considers the BIF of the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, to be the final member of a carbonate sedimentary cycle, when anomalous concentrations of iron, silica, and other elements were produced in restricted basins. 

Button, A., 1976. Iron-formation as an end member in carbonate sedimentary cycles in the Transvaal supergroup. South Africa. Econ. Geol, 71 193-201. 

The data for the mineralogy of BIFs teU much the same story. These sediments provide strong evidence for the view that the deep oceans were anoxic throughout Archean time (James, 1992). Evidence regarding the oxidation state of the shallow parts of the Archean oceans is still very fragmentary. The shallow water facies of the 2.49 0.03 Griquatown iron formation (Nelson et al., 1999) in the Transvaal Supergroup of South Africa (Beukes, 1978, 1983 Beukes and Klein, 1990) were deposited on the —800 km X 800 km... 

Beukes N. J. (1983) Palaeoenvironmental setting of iron-formations in the depositional basin of the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. In Iron Formation Facts and Problems (eds. A. F. Trendall and R. C. Morris). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 131-209. 

Beukes N. J., Dorland H., and Gutzmer J. (2002a) Pisolitic ironstone and ferricrete in the 2.22-2.4 Ga Timeball Hill Formation, Transvaal Supergroup implications for the... 

Buick I. S., Uken R., Gibson R. L., and Wallmach T. (1998) High-S Paleoproterozoic carbonates from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Geology 26, 875—878. 

Strauss H, Beukes NJ (1996) Carbon and sulfur isotopic compositions of organic carbon and pyrite in sediments from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precamb Res 79 57-71 Strauss H, Des Marais DJ, Sutmnons RE, Hayes JM (1992a) The eatbon isotopic record. In Schopf JW, Klein C (eds) The Porterozoic Biosphere A Multidisciplinary Study. Cambridge University Press, New York, p 117-127... 

Waldbauer, J.R., Sherman, L.S., Sumner, D.Y., Sununons, R.E. (2009) Late Archean molecular fossils from the Transvaal Supergroup record the antiquity of microbial diversity and aerobiosis. Precambrian Research, 169, 28-47. 

Button A. The Transvaal Supergroup in the Cratonic environment of Southern Africa. In Precambrian of the southern hemisphere Hunter D. R. ed. (Amsterdam, etc. Elsevier, 1981), 527-34. 

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