Super definition

Super Lewis Acids. Acid systems stronger than anhydrous AlCl ate classified as super Lewis acids (211). By this definition, Lewis acids such as SbF, NbF, AsF, andTaF ate so categorized. 

Because the feed is a super cooled liquid, Lj/Vs is not equal to Lr/Vj.. From definition of q ... 

The carbeniiun ion so formed then reacts in the ICC 1 manner except perhaps for not abstracting a hydride ion from another alkane. Although initial views that zeolites in general were super acids have come into question, definite super acids have been found such as calcined H2S04 Zr(0H)4 which catalyze the isomerization of alkanes at low T. 

By considering both the definition of pH in Equation (6.20) and the concentration of the solvated protons from Worked Example 6.1, we see how a sample of super-pure water - which is neutral - has a pH of 7 at 298 K. We now go further and say all neutral solutions have a pH of 7. By corollary, we need to appreciate how an acidic solution always has a pH less than 7. If the pH is exactly 7, then the solution is neutral. 

To make cut pile carpets, two strands of BCF yarns are twisted together and heat-set with steam using a Superba heat setting machine at 135-145 °C or at 175-195 °C when heat-set with super-heated steam in a Suessen. An experimental design experiment [94] showed the higher the heat set temperature, then the lower is the bulk of the final carpet, but there is an increase in the tip definition and walk performance. The tufted carpets are then dyed with disperse dyes at atmospheric boil [95] in a continuous or a batch process. PTT carpets showed excellent resiliency in walk test experiments, equivalent to a nylon and much better than both PET and polypropylene, had lower static charge of <3.5 kV, and were resistant to coffee, mustard, betadine, red acid dyes and other stains [96],... 

Since this type of result shows that sonication is definitely not just another method of providing agitation of a medium, but exhibits its own peculiarities, it stands to reason that it should obey some rules of its own. An examination and classification of published material led to an empirical systemisation of sonochemistry [28, 30). This classification concentrates on the chemical effects in sonochemistry but it should also be recognised that in some cases ultrasound does act in a mechanical sense achieving remarkable results through super agitation. Sometimes the mechanical and chemical effects occur together. 

Fig. 6.21 Definition of super-rate, plateau, and mesa burnings of a catalyzed double-base propellant.

When iodine is dissolved in hydriodic acid or a soln. of a metallic iodide, there is much evidence of chemical combination, with the formation of a periodide. A. Baudrimont objected to the polyiodide hypothesis of the increased solubility of iodine in soln. of potassium iodide, because he found that an extraction with carbon disulphide removed the iodine from the soln. but S. M. Jorgensen showed that this solvent failed to remove the iodine from an alcoholic soln. of potassium iodide and iodine in the proportion KI I2, and an alcoholic soln. of potassium iodide decolorized a soln. of iodine in carbon disulphide. The hypothesis seemed more probable when, in 1877, G. S. Johnson isolated cubic crystals of a substance with the empirical formula KI3 by the slow evaporation of an aqueous-alcoholic soln. of iodine and potassium iodide over sulphuric acid. There is also evidence of the formation of analogous compounds with the other halides. The perhalides or poly halides—usually polyiodides—are products of the additive combination of the metal halides, or the halides of other radicles with the halogen, so. that the positive acidic radicle consists of several halogen atoms. The polyiodides have been investigated more than the other polyhalides. The additive products have often a definite physical form, and definite physical properties. J. J. Berzelius appears to have made the first polyiodide—which he called ammonium bin-iodide A. Geuther called these compounds poly-iodides and S. M. Jorgensen, super-iodides. They have been classified 1 as... 

Dispersive transport in PVC was investigated. The results of Pfister and Griffits obtained by the transit method are shown in Fig. 6. The hole current forms at temperatures > 400 K clearly show a bend corresponding to the transit time of the holes. At lower temperature the bend is not seen and transit time definition needs special methods. The pulse form shows the broad expansion during transition to the opposite electrodes. This expansion corresponds to the dispersive transport [15]. The super-linear dependence of the transit time versus sample thickness did not hold for pure PVC. This is in disagreement with the Scher-Montroll model. There are a lot of reasons for the discrepancy. One reason may be the influence of the system dimensions. It is quite possible that polymer chains define dimension limits on charge carrier transfer. 

The operator (4 66) together with the definition (4 67) of the matrix f gives a surprisingly powerful approximation to the full super-CI Hamiltonian. It has been used with great success in a number of calculations of a variety of MCSCF wave functions both for ground and excited states. 

Although the graph-theoretical discussion of the aromatic sextet is not complete without formulating explicitly the definition of the super-sextet, we will skip over to the discussion of more chemical relevance [25],... 

The colloids and simple amphiphiles have been extensively studied in this respect for more than 150 years. Only in the last 20 to 30 years have we reached some understanding on the behavior of super-amphiphilic block copolymer systems. In the above-mentioned systems though, it is still clear that as soon as supramolecular interactions are involved, there are still no definitive rules predicting the resulting structures. 

The definition of epigenesis as a reconstruction from incomplete information suggests that embryonic development can be simulated (in a very abstract way) by the reconstruction of a super matrix made of a growing number of individual matrices, each of which would represent a cell. In this case, however, the reconstruction could be performed with two different strategies one where the memory information is extracted only from individual memory matrices, and a second one where it is also extracted from a collective memory. 

Supersaturation — The general thermodynamic definition of the electrochemical super saturation A ft reads... 

Blythe et al. argue (with justification) that polymer should not be termed a costabilizer since it does not cause super-swelhng however, this review will take a functional, rather than thermodynamic definition of a costabilizer, and treat polymer-stabilized miniemulsions under the heading of costabihzers. 

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