Sunflower, Helianthus

Guy, R.D. Wample, R.L. (1984). Stable carbon isotope ratios of flooded and non- flooded sunflowers Helianthus annuus). Canadian Journal of Botany, 62, 1770-4. 

Millichip, M. et al.. Purification and characterization of oil-bodies (oleosomes) and oil-body boundary proteins (oleosins) from the developing cotyledons of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Biochem. J., 314, 333, 1996. 

Experimental low-methoxyl pectin was obtained from dry heads (without seeds) of sunflower Helianthus annus L.). The extraction of pectin was carried out according to the method of Lin et al. (1975) with slight modifications. Only oxalate-soluble fraction which was submitted to consecutive treatments of purification as described previously was considered (Leitao et al., 1995). 

The phenolic and related components present in stems and leaves of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., and Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus L., were extracted sequentially and their activity as phytotoxic agents evaluated. Total acids and neutral compounds were isolated by extraction with methanol, acetone, and water. The free acids and neutral compounds were partitioned into the organic phase, whereas the acids, present as esters and aglycones, were liberated by subsequent alkaline hydrolysis of the aqueous phase. 

The term allelopathy, when first proposed by Molisch (1 ), referred to either the beneficial or detrimental interaction between all types of plants and microorganisms. As presently used, this definition is generally accepted. Since 1970 a concerted effort has been made to understand the phenomenon of allelopathic interaction. The many interpretations resulting from these studies are well documented in the literature (2-4). An area currently receiving considerable attention is the allelopathic effect resulting from weed-crop and weed-weed interactions (2, 5-7). One study conducted by Wilson and Rice (7) showed that the common sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., possessed allelopathic properties. Realizing the inherent potential... 

Boonyapookana, B., Parkplan, P., Techapinyawat, S., DeLaune, R.D., and Jugsujinda, A., Phytoaccumulation of lead by sunflower (Helianthus annum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A—Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 40 (1), 117-137, 2005. 

The first enantioselective total synthesis of the sesquiterpenoid heliannuol D 56 has been reported by Shishido and co-workers. The key step was a base-mediated (NaOH) intramolecular cyclisation of the phenolic epoxide mixture 55 (R1 = MOM, R2 = H and R1 = H, R2 = MOM). Heliannuol D (and the eight-membered congener, heliannuol A) is an allelopathic agent isolated from cultivated sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.SH-222) <00JCS(P 1)1807>. 

Eizenberg H, Plakhine D, Hershenhorn J, Kleifeld Y, Rubin B (2003) Resistance to broomrape (Orobanche spp.) in sunflower (Helianthus animus L.) is temperature dependent. J Exp Bot 54 1305-1311... 

Soudek, P., Tykva, R., Vahkova, R., and Vanek, T., 2006b, Accumulation of radioiodine from aqueous solution by hydroponicaUy cultivated sunflower Helianthus annuus L.). Environ. Exp. Bot. 57 220-225. 

SULTANA Jmpatiens sultani Hook) SUNFLOWER Helianthus annus L.) SWEETCUM Liquidambar styraciflua L.) SYCAMORE Pkuanus occidentalis L.)... 

Patterning of vegetation. Curtis and Cottam (18) observed the fairy-ring pattern of the prairie sunflower Helianthus rlgidus, which is due to a pronounced reduction in plant numbers, size, and inflorescences in the center of the clone. They subsequently demonstrated that the pattern was due to autotoxins produced by decay of dead parts of the sunflower. 

Fatty acids have also great potential as synthons for tte preparation of secondary metabolites. Renewable sources include rapeseed Brassica rapa), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), soy bean Glycine max), peanut Arachis hypogaed), and linseed Linum usitatissimum). These plants can be genetically engineered to furnish fetty acids in high-purity (Bierman 2000). 

Varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annums, Asteraceae) that are resistant to attack by larvae of the sunflower moth (Homeosoma electellum) contain high concentrations of trachyloban-19-oic acid and (-)-16-kauren-19-oic acid in their florets (84,132). 

Dimethipin. 2,3-Dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-l,4-dithiin-l,l,4,4-tetraoxide [55290-64-7] (dimethipin, oxidimethiin, UBI-N252, Harvard) (25) is used as a cotton defoliant and has been used as an experimental desiccant in potato vines. In addition, it defoliates nursery stock, grapes, dry beans, and natural mbber and is used as a desiccant for seed of canola, flax (Unutn usitatissimum), rice, and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) (10). The product has been available since the mid-1970s and the experimental work was first reported in 1974 (44). 

Sunflower Helianthus annuus (Compositae/ Asteraceae) seed 22-36 linoleic (50-70), oleic (20-40), palmitic (3-10), stearic (1-10) food oil, carrier oil (aromatherapy)... 

Sow thistle (Cirsium oleraceum Scop.) honey is white, with a pleasant aroma and flavor. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) honey is golden yellow but turns light amber, sometimes with a greenish tint when it crystallizes. It has a faint aroma and a pleasant, though pungent flavor. 

Baumgartner, J.R., K. Al-Khatib, and R.S. Currie (1999). Cross-reference of imazethapyr-resistant common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) to selected imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, and triazolopyrimidine herbicides. Weed Technol. 13 489 -93. 

White, A.D., M.D.K. Owen, R.G. Hartzler, and J. Cardina (2001). Common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides. Resistant Pest Management. East Lansing, MI Michigan State University, 11 3-5. 

Zelaya, I.A. and M.D.A. Owen (2004). Evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in common sunflower (Helianthus annuus), giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), and shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) in Iowa. Weed Sci., 52 538-548. 

L Martinelli, E Gianazza. Biochemical changes during regeneration of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Electrophoresis 17 191-197, 1996. 

Martin Panizo, F. and Rodriguez, B. 1979. Diterpene compounds of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). An. Quim. 75, 428-430... 

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