Sulphuryl chloride properties

Physical Properties.—Sulphuryl chloride is a colourless, fuming liquid, with an extremely pungent odour. Z)2 = 1-6074 ->t " = l-4437. It boils at 69-1° C. at 760 mm. pressure, and freezes at —46° C.5 The vapour density is normal at first, but when the chloride is kept, even at 100° C., its vapour commences to dissociate into sulphur dioxide and chlorine. At 200° C. dissociation is almost complete.6 When dissolved in benzene the substance shows a molecular- weight corresponding with S02C12. At ordinary temperatures the specific heat is 0-233, the latent heat of evaporation 32-4 calories per gram, and the heat of formation from the elements approximately 89,540 calories per gram-molecule.7 The dielectric constant at 20° C. is 8-5. As a solvent, the ebullioscopic constant of sulphuryl chloride has been found to have... 

Chemical Properties.—At a dull red heat sulphuryl chloride vapour is completely decomposed into sulphur dioxide and chlorine. At 320° C. the reaction appears to be of the first order, proceeding entirely in the gas phase at lower temperatures, however, reaction takes place on the wall of the containing vessel.2... 

The synthesis, physical and chemical properties of sulphamides have been the subject of various reviews down through the years333-338. Sowada339 has summarized the three main synthetic routes in the preparation of sulphamides as follows (a) reaction of primary amines (alkyl or aryl) with sulphuryl chloride (b) reaction of primary amines with chlorosulphonic acid (c) reaction of primary amines (alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl) with sulphamide. 

Regnault s later research was almost exclusively in physics the specific heats of solids and gases, densities and compressibilities of gases, properties of steam, etc., and his results in this field are very accurate. He became professor of physics in the College de France and director of the porcelain factory at Sevres (1854). In the war of 1870 his son was killed in battle and his laboratory at Sevres was deliberately wrecked and his papers destroyed by the Prussian army. His chemical publications are on Dutch liquid, etc., the aldehydene theory (see p. 355), the identity of equisitic and maleic acids, the action of steam on heated metals and sulphides, sulphonaphthalic acid, and the action of sulphur trioxide on organic substances,methyl sulphate, mineral combustibles, alkaloids, diallage, potassium and lithium micas, the action of chlorine on Dutch liquid, sulphuryl chloride and sulphamide, chlorides of carbon, determination of carbon in cast iron and steel, action of chlorine on ethers, sulphuryl chloride, report on the Marsh test, respiration (with... 

During the period under review these systems have been reported or postulated only as transient intermediates. The conversion of phenyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulphoxide into phenyl 2-chloroethyl sulphone on treatment with sulphuryl chloride proceeded via 2-phenyl-1,2-oxathietan 2-oxide as intermediate, and 1,2-oxathietan 2-oxides have been postulated as intermediates in the reactions of sulphur dioxide with olefins. 1,2-Oxathiet derivatives have also been proposed as reactive intermediates, and although the u.v. and i.r. properties of monothiobenzil are not consistent with its formulation as 3,4-diphenyl-l,2-oxathiet, its mass... 

Thionyl chloride and sulphuryl chloride have exceedingly low donor numbers with good solubility properties for covalent acceptor chlorides as well as for tetra-alkylammonium chloride, and chloro-complexes are readily formed in their solutions ... 

According to the different donor properties found in this group of solvents a distinction may be made between (a) oxyhalides with low donor numbers including carbonyl chloride, nitrosyl chloride, thionyl chloride, sulphuryl chloride, acetyl and benzoyl halides and (b) oxyhalides with medium donor numbers, namely phosphorus oxychloride, selenium oxychloride and phenyl phosphonic halides, the latter having donor properties approaching those of water or of the ethers. 

Thionyli i and sulphuryl chlorides 20 have exceedingly low donor properties, but strong chloride ion-donor properties and these are useful media for the formation of chloro-complexes. Liquid nitrosyl chloride does not show any 0-donor properties, but it is easily ionized i 22 ... 

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