Sulphuric acid Germany

Absorption of solvent with sulphuric acid. This is another of the oldest methods for the recovery of solvent. It was first used for the recovery of alcohol and ether in the manufacture of artificial silk by the old Chardonnet process and was then widely applied in the manufacture of powder in Germany and Austria before and during World War I. The air containing alcohol and ether entered the tanks filled with sulphuric acid. The tanks were cooled from outside by spraying with water. 

Although the commercial manufacture of sulphur trioxide and sulphuric acid by the catalytic process has attained success only in comparatively recent years, a patent was acquired in 1831 by P. Phillips of Bristol for the production of sulphuric acid in this way, the suggested catalyst being platinum.4 The commencement of the twentieth century saw the main difficulties overcome and the installation of an economical and commercial process in Germany. Since then the number of plants has increased largely and various modifications have been introduced in many countries. 

Acetaldehyde is an intermediate in acetic acid and vinyl acetate production. Since 1916 it has been produced from the addition of water to acetylene, a reaction catalyzed by divalent mercury in sulphuric acid (20%)/water. Acetylene was made from coal. In Germany in particular, a lot of research was carried out on the use of acetylene as a chemical feedstock. 

Much of the cocaine used in this country is prepared from the crude alkaloid which is manufactured in the countries where the plant grows. The alkaloids are extracted from the leaves by kerosene or some other cheap immiscible solvent in the presence of an alkali, the alkaloids being separated from the solvent with dilute sulphuric acid from which cocaine is precipitated by sodium carbonate. This crude substance represents about 90 per cent, of cocaine. A good deal of cocaine is manufactured in Germany from the Java coca leaves which contain chiefly cinnamyl cocaine. This alkaloid is hydrolized by boiling with diluted hydrochloric acid and the ecgonine so obtained treated with benzoic anhydride and methyl iodide. The other coca bases may also be converted into cocaine by a similar process as suggested by Liebermann (B. Chem. G., 1888, xxi, 3196). 

In both Germany and England, at the synthetic ammonia plants of the Badische Anil in and Soda Fabrik and the Syn tlietic Ammonia and Nitrates, Ltd., respectively, sulphate of ammonia is produced from synthetic ammonia through the use of gypsum (calcium sulphate), rather than sulphuric acid. While there are large deposits of gypsum in Germany, there are no important sources of sulphuric acid. 

Georg Lunge (Breslau, 15 September j839-Z irich, 3 January 1923), Dr.phil. Breslau (1859), worked in industry in Germany and England (e.g. South Shields, 1867) and became professor of technical chemistry in Zurich Polytechnic (1876). He published an immense number of papers on a variety of subjects, and books on the manufacture of sulphuric acid and alkali, and on coal-tar and ammonia. He invented the nitrometer named after him, ... 

A second process for producing regenerated cellulose fibre was introduced in 1897 in Germany. In this method, cellulose is treated with an ammoniacal solution of cupric hydroxide (Cu(NH3)4(OH)2) to form a soluble complex. The solution is then spun into dilute sulphuric acid to regenerate the cellulose. This process is relatively expensive because of the need to recover copper. However, the product, called cuprammonium rayon, is still made on a limited scale because of its pleasing appearance and feel. 

Throughout the rest of the period under review the chemical technology came to Denmark from, or at least via, Germany 1873, beet sugar 1880 (approx.), Gay-Lussac and Glover towers in sulphuric acid production 1888, Portland cement and 1900 (approx.), refining of edible oil. 

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