Sulpho salts

Carbon disulphide readily undergoes oxidation and reduction (see p. 264). With alkalis it reacts to form a series of thio- or sulpho-salts (see p. 266 et seq.). 

Sulphur and oxygen are interchangeable in sulphides and oxides. Metal oxides (basic) and non-metal oxides (acidic) combine to form salts. Likewise metal sulphides may combine with sulphides of weakly metallic or non-metallic elements to form salts, the so-called thio-salts, or sulpho-salts. Thio-salts of a few of the elements, notably tin, are very well defined. Stannous sulphide does not form a thio-salt but addition of sulphur converts it to stannic sulphide which does form a soluble thio-salt with the sulphide of an alkali metal. 

Sulphur, in accord with its similarity to oxygen, can be substituted for it in many of its compounds without essentially altering their chemical nature, and the compounds thus obtained have the same nomenclature as the corresponding oxygen compounds, except that the prefix thio or sulpho is used. Thus sulpho-salts are produced in the same manner as the oxy-salts above ... 

The sulpho-salts of arsenic, antimony, and stannic tin are particularly characteristic of these metals. (See Preparation 43 and Experiment 11, page 294.) They are easily produced, and all are soluble. They are stable in neutral or basic solutions, but are decomposed by acids, because the anions of the salts combine with hydrogen ions to produce the very weak sulpho-acids, which, being unstable, decompose at once into the sulphides of the metals and hydrogen sulphide ... 

This compound cannot be prepared directly from the trisulphide and sulphur, because it is decomposed at a temperature below that at which the latter substances would react. As has just been seen, however, the higher sulpho-salt of antimony can be readily prepared in the wet way and this, on decomposition with a dilute acid, yields antimony pentasulphide. This substance is used in vulcanizing rubber and produces a red colored product. 

In addition to the derivatives of the oxides, UO, and UO3, nranium forms a few compounds in which it appears to exhibit valencies equal to 5, 3, and possibly 2. It yields, for example, a comparatively stable pentachloride, UCI5, and a much less stable tridiloride, UCI3. It produces a variety of sulphides US, U2S3, US, UOjS, but it does not show the tendency found in molybdenum and tungsten to form soluble sulpho-salts. 

For the evaporation of solutions of sul-pho-basos, of sulpho-salts, and cf all substances readily oxidizable by exposure, this process is better applicable than that with the air pump, which is apt to be attacked when the eliminated vapors are corrosive. 

Sulpho-salts and sulphantimonites are formed by the reaction between the sulphide and alkaline sulphide. 

Antimony Pentasulphide, Sb.jS,..—It is obtained by decomposing the sulpho-salts with acids. It is called soufre dore cPantiraoine in French, and Goldsckwefel in German. It is generally obtained in a pure condition from Schlippe s salt —... 

The sulpho-salts of antimony, as proposed by Parrodf and Mascazzini, Luckow, Classen and V. Reiss, and Classen and Ludwig, are the best for obtaining an antimony deposit by electrdysis. 

The determination of antimony by the electrolysis of its sulpho-salts is one of the most convenient and useful of all electrolytic methods, and is one that is frequeu Jly used in actual practice. It is especially convenient, because the form of solution in which the antimony is obtained in the usual course of separation from the other metals can be directly electrolysed. 

Fig. 2 Examples of the structures of a few fast-response electric filed sensitive dyes N-(4-sulpho-butyl)-4-(4-(4-(dipentylamino)phenyl)butadienyl)pyridinium inner salt (RH421, a styrylpyridinium dye), ANNINE 5 (an annellated hemicyanine dye), merocyanine 540, and N-[(4 -dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-flavonyl mcthyl-N,N-trimcthyl ammonium (F4N1, a 3-hydroxychromone dye)...

Rubin C 2-Amino-5-[(4-amino-3-sulphophenyl)(4-imino-3-sulpho-2,5-cyclohexadien-l-yhdene)acid disodium salt... 

Trypan Red 4,4 -[(3-Sulpho[ 1,1 -biphenyl] -4,4 -diyl) bis(azo)[3-amino-2,7-naphtalenedisulphonic acid] pentasodium salt... 

The reaction of trimethylsulphonium iodide [32], or polymer-supported sulpho-nium salts [33], with aldehydes and ketones produces oxiranes under relatively mild... 

Indigocarmine (2[l,3-dihydro-3-oxo-5-sulpho-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-l//-indole-5-sulpfonic acid disodium salt) [860-22-0] M 466.4. Its solubility in H2O is Ig/lOOml at 25°. Could be purified by dissolving in H2O, filtering and adding EtOH to cause the salt to separate. Wash the solid with EtOH, Et2O and dry in vacuo. It has pKa values of 2.8 and 12.3 in H2O. [Vorlander and Schubert B 34 1860 1901 UV Smit et al. AC 27 1159 1955 Preisler et al. JACS 81 1991 1959]. 

Zincon disodium salt (< -[l-(2-hydroxy-5-sulpho)-3-phenyl-5-formazono]-benzoic acid disodium salt) [56484-13-0] M 484.4, m -250-260° (dec). Zincon soln is prepared by dissolving 0.13g of the powder in aqueous N NaOH (2ml diluted to 100ml with H2O). This gives a deep red colour which is stable for one week. It is a good reagent for zinc ions but also forms stable complexes with transition metal ions. [UV-VIS Bush and Yoe AC 26 1345 1954 Hunter and Roberts JCS 820 1941 Platte and Marcy AC 31 1226 7959) The free acid has been recrystd from dilute H2SO4. [Fichter and Scheiss B 33 751 1900]. 

In point of fact it has been established by many workers that a nitrocotton freshly produced and washed from acid could contain up to 8% of sulphuric add cellulose esters. Berl and Boltenstem [7] stated in later investigations that sulphuric add always occurred in the stabilized nitrocotton in two forms (a) as an inorganic salt, for the most part CaS04 (b) as sulpho groups chemically combined with cellulose. Their data are given in Table 62. 

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