Sulfurous acid 1352 INDEX

The index of refraction of sulfuric acid solutions (62) and additional related data (66), along with solubiUty data for oxygen in sulfuric acid solutions (67), are available in the Hterature. The solubiUty of sulfur dioxide in concentrated sulfuric acid is shown in Figure 9 (68) additional data are also available (69). 

Al2(S04)j in aqueous solution is most commonly known as aluminum sulfate solution. The CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) Index is Sulfuric Acid, Aluminum Salt (3 2) . Its CAS number is 10043-01-3. Aluminum sulfate, solution, technical grade is a clear, white to slightly yellow brown liquid. 

Many millions of tons of sulfuric acid, H2S04, are produced every year. Its uses are so wide that the amount consumed per year by a country can be taken as a crude index of the technological development of that country. Two manufacturing processes have widespread industrial importance and both will be described. These processes are so highly perfected that the cost of this useful chemical is only about S22.00 per ton ... 

The lower alkylbismuths ignite in air, and explode in contact with oxygen, or cone, nitric or sulfuric acids. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Soft crystalline solid rhombic crystal pure salt is white but color may vary the color of the mineral barite may vary among red, yellow, gray or green depending on impurities density 4.50 g/cm refractive index 1.64 melts around 1,580°C decomposes above 1,600°C hardness 4.3 to 4.6 Mohs insoluble in water (285 mg/L at 30°C) and alcohol Ksp 1.1 x 10-i° soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. 

Black monoclinic or hexagonal crystals or powder density 4.6 g/cm refractive index 1.45 hardness 1.8 Mohs decomposes at 220°C insoluble in water, ethanol and aUtabs. Ksp 8.0xl(h34j soluble in nitric acid, ammonium hydroxide and potassium cyanide solutions also soluble in hot hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. 

Colorless liquid density 1.879 g/cm at 20°C and 1.844 g/cm at 30°C refractive index 1.464 boils at 86.5°C solidifies at -49.5°C decomposes in water soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. 

White monochnic or rhombic crystals refractive index 1.877 density 6.20 g/cm3 melts at 1,170°C very slightly soluble in water, 42.5 mg/L at 25°C Kspl.82xlCH sparingly soluble in hydrochloric and nitric acids slightly soluble in dilute sulfuric acid, more soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid insoluble in alcohol soluble in caustic soda and ammonium salts solutions. 

Cinnabar is a red crystalline or powdery substance hexagonal crystal system refractive index 2.854 density 8.10 g/cm sublimes at 583.5°C color changes to brown at 250°C and converts to black sulfide at 386°C reverts to red color on cooling insoluble in water, alcohol and nitric acid soluble in aqua regia and solutions of alkali metal sulfides decomposed by hot concentrated sulfuric acid. 

White granular powder or cubic crystals refractive index 2.071 darkens on exposure to hght density 5.56 g/cm Moh s hardness 2.5 melts at 455°C vaporizes at 1,547°C vapor pressure 1 and 5 torr at 912 and 1,019°C insoluble in water, alcohol and dilute acids soluble in ammonia solution and concentrated sulfuric acid, alkali cyanide, ammonium carbonate also soluble in potassium bromide and sodium thiosulfate solutions. 

A bright white metal soft and ductile body-centered cubic structure index of refraction 3.03 density 5.96 g/cm melts at 1,910°C vaporizes at 3,407°C electrical resistivity, 18.1 microhm-cm at 0°C and 20.1 microhm-cm at 25°C magnetic susceptibility 1.4x10 cgs units modulus of elasticity 18-19x10 psi shear modulus 6.73xl0 psi Poisson s ratio 0.36 thermal neutron absorption cross section 5 barns/atom insoluble in water, dilute sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid at all concentrations soluble in nitric acid, aqua regia, and concentrated sulfuric acid insoluble in alkalies. 

Among the deleterious materials (Fc203, AI2O3, CaO, MgO) in phosphate rock, dolomite is the most troublesome. Dolomite causes higher consumption of sulfuric acids, reduces filtration capacity, and lowers the P2O5 recovery in fertilizer manufacturing. Therefore the MgO content is a very important index in evaluating the quality of the phosphate concentrate, hi Florida, the MgO in the final phosphate concentrate is usually required to be less than 1%. 

Physical properties of the solvent are used to describe polarity scales. These include both bulk properties, such as dielectric constant (relative permittivity), refractive index, latent heat of fusion, and vaporization, and molecular properties, such as dipole moment. A second set of polarity assessments has used measures of the chemical interactions between solvents and convenient reference solutes (see table 3.2). Polarity is a subjective phenomenon. (To a synthetic organic chemist, dichloromethane may be a polar solvent, whereas to an inorganic chemist, who is used to water, liquid ammonia, and concentrated sulfuric acid, dichloromethane has low polarity.)... 

Chemical Abstracts refers to sulfites as sulfurous acid esters. Simple esters (benzyl, phenyl, ethyl, etc.) are listed as sulfurous acid esters under the names of the corresponding hydroxy compound. All mixed esters are indexed separately under the heading sulfurous acid esters. ... 

European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association. Best Available Techniques for Pollution Prevention and Control in the European Fertilizer Industry, 2000 A comprehensive site with a wealth of information on ammonium, sulfuric acid, nitrates, and other compounds involved in making fertilizer. 

The combination of deasphalting and sulfuric acid treating is suitable for the production of bright stocks of conventional viscosity index from heavy petroleum residua. 

In concentrated sulfuric acid, aromatic polyisocyanides are subject to sulfona-tion. Poly(isopropyl isocyanide) is dissolved in 97%H2S04, and is reprecipitated by the addition of water. Infrared spectra show that some structural change, e.g. hydrolysis, has taken place (26). Poly(sec-butyl isocyanide) is dissolved by the acidic hexafluoroisopropanol with some attendant browning of the solution (7). In spite of the theoretical complexities of polyelectrolytic character introduced into the solution characterization of polyisocyanides in strongly acidic media, such media at least allow viscometric indexing of the various samples of the otherwise insoluble polyisocyanides. 

When the reduction is completed, the flask is connected with a condenser and the mixture subjected to distillation. The boiling point of constant boiling hydrobromic acid is 125-126° at 760 mm., but it must be remembered that in distilling the product from the sulfuric acid mixture, the thermometer reading should not be relied upon as an index to the composition of the distillate. Towards the end of the distillation the thermometer may rise to 130° and above, when water with only traces of acid distils from the sulfuric acid residue. Upon redistillation of the product the thermometer reading may be relied upon. For many uses a product free from traces of... 

Venus is completely covered with dense clouds. The composition of the clouds has been the subject of much speculation for many years. It includes ice, carbon suboxide, sulfuric acid, hydrocarbons, mercuric chloride, ammonium chloride, and hydrated ferrous chloride. Recently, Young (1066a) has proposed, based on refractive index measurement, that the clouds are composed most probably of droplets of 75% H2S04. 

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