Sulfur unmodified

Starch is often modified by hydrolysis with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid (93). The resulting product is resistant to syneresis, keeps food in suspension after cooking, and exhibits much greater free2e—thaw stabUity than unmodified starch. Modified starch is commonly used in baby food, fro2en prepared foods, pie fillings, meat products, and candy. 

Treatment of PVDF by dehydrofluorination and doping with sulfuric acid prior to blending have been shown to improve the hydrophilicity of a Nafion/PVDF blend. Such blends were demonstrated to show comparable conductivity and FC performance to unmodified Nation and significantly improved over blends in which the PVDF had not been treated. MeOH crossover rates, however, were not reported. PEMs composed of "sandwiches" of Nation plus Nafion/PVDF blends have also been used as PEMs in order to reduce MeOH crossover and improve DMFC performance. - Other non-ionic polymers that have been blended with Nation include PPCF and polypyrrole. 21... 

The morphology of rubber-based nanocomposites also seems to change in the presence of compounding ingredients [89, 90]. HNBR, when melt-compounded with organo-modified sodium montmorillonite clays (o-MMTs) prior to sulfur curing, resulted in the formation of nanocomposites with exfoliated or intercalated structures. In stark contrast, under similar conditions HNBR compounded with unmodified sodium montmorillonite clays (NA) formed microcomposites [90]. This was traced to its reactivity with the sulfur in the presence of amine-type organomodifiers. 

Table 12 shows the composition of the S-SBR compound used for these investigations. The sulfur used was either unmodified or one of the four samples of polyacetylene-coated sulfur described in Table 3. 

Effect of Unmodified and Plasma-Coated Sulfur on the SBR Compound Properties... 

Both XPS and Auger analyses were performed for tribofilm. The Auger results revealed higher concentration of Fe, Zn, Mg and P, but lower levels of carbon relative to XPS. Phosphorus is present in phosphate form and sulfur as sulfide in unmodified oil. The oil containing a soluble molybdenum friction modifier additive formed films which were thinner and less continuous than films formed from the unmodified oil. The film was dominated by magnesium phosphate which was identified by AES, and by the combination of XPS and IR. Sulfur was present as sulfate and sulfide while molybdenum was present as Mo+4 and Mo+6, as shown in Fig. 4.8 (Lindsay et al., 1993). 

This reaction can be utilized to determine Fe(lll) at potentials where it is not redox-active at an unmodified glassy carbon electrode. The mediation of this reaction in two different electrolytes, i.e. 1 M perchloric acid and 0.1 M sulfuric acid, will be discussed. EQCM and neutron reflectivity measurements have shown that, while in H2SO4 a swollen structure is obtained, in perchloric acid a much more closed morphology is obtained which inhibits ion movement. 

Wheat starch is low in protein, ash and fiber, and contains no residual sulfites. Sulfur dioxide is detrimental to the viscoelastic character of wheat gluten and is not used in the commercial production of wheat starch.28,323 The protein content of ten samples of unmodified and modified wheat starches ranged from 0.06-0.22%.28 A 0.23% protein (0.0404% nitrogen) level in wheat starch essentially indicates a gluten-free starch, as confirmed by an enzyme immunoassay.324 That purity of wheat starch is important in diets for celiac individuals. Wheat starch-based, gluten-free flour products were not harmful in the treatment of celiac sprue and dermatitis herpetiformis,325 although traces of an immunoreactive gliadin can be found in wheat starch.326... 

Control Preparations Transfer 50.0-g portions of unmodified (underivatized) waxy corn starch into five separate pressure bottles, and add 125 mL of 2 N sulfuric acid to each bottle. Add 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mL of the Standard Preparation to the bottles, respectively, giving propylene chlorohydrin concentrations, on the starch basis, of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg, respectively. Calculate the exact concentration in each bottle from the weight of Propylene Chlorohydrins used in making the Standard Preparation. Clamp the tops in place, swirl until the contents of each bottle are completely dissolved, and proceed with the hydrolysis, neutralization, filtration, extraction, extract concentration, and final dilution as directed under Sample Preparation. 

Granulit and basalt were used as aggregates. The grain composition was based on sieve line 4 and 5. The respective quantities of sulfur corresponded to those which were used with unmodified sulfur concrete mixtures (16). 

In examining the strength properties of sulfur concrete modified with styrene, the compressive strength was insufficient and worse than in the case of unmodified sulfur concrete (Table VI). After 70 days storage, however, the compressive strength of the test samples modified with 10 wt % styrene increased to 432 kp/cm2, which is an average of 46%. The increase in the test samples modified with 5 wt % styrene was 4%, corresponding to a value of 526 kp/cm2. 

Figure 5. Variation of resilient modulus with temperature, soaking, and freeze-thaw cycling for a sulfur-modified asphaltic concrete and a concrete in which the asphalt is unmodified (46)...

This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of surface science involved in the application of activated carbon for air cleaning from inorganic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitric dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, and from VOCs. The emphasis is placed on the role of activated carbons surfaces, either unmodified or modified in the processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation-reduction of these pollutants. 

For a better comparison of the catalysts, the manganese oxides were also treated with 50 cm of deionised water, then evaporated, dried and calcined in the same way as the modified samples. The catalysts are designated hereafter as MnT-X, where T refers to the calcination temperature of the precursors (823 or 1373 K) and X refers to the additive used, that is S for sulfuric acid, Cit for citric acid, Na for sodium nitrate and Cs for cesium nitrate. No suffix was used in the case of the pure unmodified manganese oxides (Mn823 and Mnl373). 

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