Sulfur trioxide chemical reactions

Chemical Reactions. Sulfur dichloride reacts with an excess of sulfur trioxide forming pyrosulfuryl chloride ... 

Chemical Properties. Thionyl chloride chemistry has been reviewed (169—173). Significant inorganic reactions of thionyl chloride include its reactions with sulfur trioxide to form pyrosulfuryl chloride and with hydrogen bromide to form thionyl bromide [507-16-4]. With many metal oxides it forms the corresponding metal chloride plus sulfur dioxide and therefore affords a convenient means for preparing anhydrous metal chlorides. 

Sulfur Dioxide EPA Method 6 is the reference method for determining emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO9) from stationary sources. As the gas goes through the sampling apparatus (see Fig. 25-33), the sulfuric acid mist and sulfur trioxide are removed, the SO9 is removed by a chemical reaction with a hydrogen peroxide solution, and, finally, the sample gas volume is measured. Upon completion of the rim, the sulfuric acid mist and sulfur trioxide are discarded, and the collected material containing the SO9 is recovered for analysis at the laboratory. The concentration of SO9 in the sample is determined by a titration method. 

Sulfur dioxide emissions may affect building stone and ferrous and nonferrous metals. Sulfurous acid, formed from the reaction of sulfur dioxide with moisture, accelerates the corrosion of iron, steel, and zinc. Sulfur oxides react with copper to produce the green patina of copper sulfate on the surface of the copper. Acids in the form of gases, aerosols, or precipitation may chemically erode building materials such as marble, limestone, and dolomite. Of particular concern is the chemical erosion of historical monuments and works of art. Sulfurous and sulfuric acids formed from sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide when they react with moisture may also damage paper and leather. 

The chemical reactions appear simple. They begin with pure sulfur (which occurs in natural deposits in the elemental state). First, sulfur is burned to give gaseous sulfur dioxide, S02. Next, the S02 is further oxidized, catalytically, to sulfur trioxide, SO ,. Finally, addition of water forms sulfuric acid. The reactions are ... 

The sulfur dioxide in Venus atmosphere is turned into sulfuric acid by two different chemical reactions. In the first reaction, the sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide ... 

P-parinaric acid, physical properties, 5 33t P-pentenoic acid, physical properties, 5 3 It P-peroxylactones, 18 484 Beta phase titanium, 24 838 in alloys, 24 854-856 properties of, 24 840, 941 P-phellandrene, 24 493 P-picoline, 21 110 from acrolein, 1 276 uses for, 21 120 P-pinene, 3 230 24 496-497 major products from, 24 478 /-menthol from, 24 522 as natural precursor for aroma chemicals, 3 232 terpenoids from, 24 478-479 P-propiolactone, polymerization of, 14 259 P-quartz solid solution, 12 637—638 Beta ratio, in filtration, 11 329—330 Beta (P) rays, 21 285 P-scission reactions, 14 280-281 P-skytanthine, 2 101 P-spodumene solid solution, 12 638-639 P-sulfur trioxide, 23 756 P-sultones, 23 527 P-tocopherol, 25 793 P-tocotrienol, 25 793 P-vinylacrylic acid, physical properties, 5 33t... 

The first studies on the sulfation of organic compounds, amino acids, and proteins have shown that pyridine/sulfur trioxide complex (pyridine/S03 or pyridine/Cl S03H),168-721 concentrated sulfuric acid,173,74 sulfuric acid//V,A -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,175,761 and chloro-sulfonic acid177 are the most efficient reagents for the sulfation of tyrosine. More recently, alternative methods based on dimethylformamide/sulfur trioxide complex (DMF/S03),152,781 trimethylamine/sulfur trioxide (Me3N/S03),1152,1531 pyridinium acetylsulfate,137,791 and pyr-idinium trifluoroacetylsulfate1801 have been proposed to minimize side reactions which are difficult to control for the chemical sulfation of tyrosine peptides. 

The physical properties of the metal (Table II) resemble those of thallium, lead and bismuth, its neighbors in the Periodic Table, rather than those of tellurium, its lower homologue. The low melting and boiling points are particularly noteworthy an attempted study of the Hall effect in polonium metal has also been reported (90). In chemical properties the metal is very similar to tellurium, the most striking resemblance being in its reactions with concentrated sulfuric acid (or sulfur trioxide) and with concentrated selenic acid. The products are the bright red solids, PoSOs and... 

Substances that are ordinarily deliquescent are sulfuric add (concentrated), glycerol, calcium chloride crystals, sodium hydroxide (solid), and 100% ethyl alcohol. In an enclosed space, these substances deplete the water vapor present to a definite degree. Other substances are used to accomplish this end by chemical reaction, e.g.. phosphorus pentoxide (forming phosphoric acid), and boron trioxide (forming boric acid). Water is absorbed from nonmiscible liquids by addition of such substances as anhydrous sodium sulfate, potassium carbonate, anhydrous calcium chloride. and solid sodium hydroxide. The converse phenomenon is known as efflorescence. 

The checkers used Sulfan , a stabilized liquid form of sulfur trioxide which is commercially available from Baker and Adamson, General Chemical Division, Allied Chemical Corp., Morristown, New Jersey. The submitter distilled sulfur trioxide from 65% oleum directly into the reaction flask, a procedure which is described elsewhere.3... 

Sulfuric acid (H2S04), the most widely produced chemical in the world, is made by a two-step oxidation of sulfur to sulfur trioxide, SO3, followed by reaction with water. Calculate AH°f for SO3 (in kilojoules per mole), given the following data ... 

As an example, let us consider the stoichiometric oxidation of diphenylmethanol to benzophenone, one of the most commonly used photosensitizers in photochemistry (Figure 1.3). We will evaluate this reaction using the measures of product yield, product selectivity, E-factor, and atom economy. In this reaction, three equivalents of diphenylmethanol react with two equivalents of chromium trioxide and three equivalents of sulfuric acid, giving three equivalents of benzophenone. First, let us see how the reaction measures with respect to product yield and selectivity. Assume that this is an ideal chemical reaction which goes to completion, so one obtains 100% yield of the product, benzophenone. If no other (organic) by-product is obtained, the product selectivity is also 100%. This is all well and good, and indeed for many years this has been the way that chemical processes were evaluated, both in academia and in the (fine-) chemical industry. 

The successful operation of the contact process became possible only through a knowledge of chemical equilibrium and the factors that influence such equilibria. Since the reaction is exothermal, the temperature must be controlled carefully in order to avoid favoring the reverse reaction—that is, the decomposition of the desired sulfur trioxide. 

Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen in air to produce sulfur trioxide. The sulfur trioxide then reacts with water to produce sulfuric acid. Write balanced chemical equations for these reactions. 

Sulfur trioxide is used to produce sulfuric acid, one of the most common chemicals used in industry. The reaction is strongly exothermic. Here, a tubular reactor is considered. The following relations are from Kjelstrup et al. (1999). The entropy production rate per unit volume of a chemical reactor is given by... 

Exothermic reactions with a decrease in entropy reach equilibrium (AG = 0) at some temperature and reverse beyond this point. This is evident from Eq. (4.2) where the negative term AH will cancel with the positive term TAS when T gets sufficiently large. Since we already noted that such reactions are common in the chemical industry, should we expect most reactions to be reversible In principle, yes, but in practice we operate many reactors at a temperature far below the equilibrium point and therefore never notice any influence of the reverse reaction. There are, however, industrially important exceptions to this rule. The manufacture of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen and the formation of sulfur trioxide from sulfur dioxide and oxygen are two prominent cases. 

Mann and Moyes111 developed an approximate film theory to describe gas absorption and interfacial temperature behavior under very exothermic conditions. They used the theory to analyze their own experimental data for the sulfur trioxide dodecylbenzene system. They showed (both experimentally as well as theoretically) that in a highly exothermic reaction system the chemical absorption rate could be lower than the physical absorption rate because the depression of interfacial solubility can greatly reduce the absorption potential under reacting conditions. 

The second method was to produce a white smoke by the reaction of ( crtain chemicals, such as sulfur trioxide and chlorsulfonic acid, in special generators placed on the aft deck of the ship. The Olerman Navy made experiments with such chemical-smoke producers as early as 1906 to 1909,... 

Oxidation-reduction reactions are widely used to produce chemicals that are used in manufacturing. The chemical that is produced in the most volume in the United States is sulfuric acid. It is made by oxidizing sulfur with oxygen to produce sulfur trioxide (SO3). This is dissolved in water to give sulfuric acid, H2SO4. 

Important applications of chemical reaction engineering (CRE) of all kinds can be found both inside and outside the chemical process industries (CPI). In this text, examples from the chemical process industries include the manufacture of ethylene oxide, phthalic anhydride, ethylene glycol, metaxylene, styrene, sulfur trioxide, propylene glycol, ketene, and i-butane just to name a few. Also, plant safety in the CPI is addressed in both example problems and homework problems. These are real industrial reactions with actual data and reaction irate law parameters. 

---