Sulfonic acid amides metal sulfonates

Very unstable modifications, like the reddish, chlorine-free a-copper phthalocyanine, can be stabilized with amides or salts of copper phthalocyanine sulfonic acids (59—63). Mixture with other metal phthalocyanines, eg, tin, vanadium, aluminum, or magnesium, also inhibits crystallization change and poor performance in binders and prints (flocculation) due to the hydrophobic character of unsubstituted phthalocyanines. 

This is recommended as a general method of identifying sulfonates. In economy of time and material it is superior to the preparation of the free acid, the acid chloride, the ester, the amide, or the phenol. By this method one can identify quickly a few milligrams of an acid or of any of its metal salts, whether it is in the solid state or in solution. 

OXALIC ALDEHYDE (107-22-2) Flammable solid, but normally sold as an inhibited 40% solution. A highly reactive reducing agent. Violent reaction with water causes polymerization. Temperatures above boiling point of 122°F/50°C can cause polymerization. Reacts, possibly violently, with strong acids, caustics, ammonia, amines, amides, aldehydes, chloro-sulfonic acid, ethylene amine, hydroxyl-containing materials. Corrosive to metals aluminum, copper, tin, steel, zinc. 

Allylic sulfoxides and sulfones are completely metallated in liquid ammonia by all alkali amides [1]. For metallation in organic solvents, LDA and BuLi are usually applied. The lithiation of allyltrimethylsilane can be conveniently achieved with BuLi TMEDA (or HMPT) or f-BuLi TMEDA (or HMPT) in THF-alkane mixtures [3], As in the case of the sulfur compounds, extension of the unsaturated system leads to an increased acidity. Thus H2C=CHCH=CHCH2SiMe3 can be metallated with the less strongly basic LDA in THF [4], For the metallation of allylic selenides, LDA seems to be the reagent of choice. Butyllithium will presumably attack on selenium. 

The introduction of ligand groups, such as ethers or crown ethers, amides, esters, or caroboxylic acids, or sulfonates and phosphonates allows for the fine tuning of capacity for coinplexation with regard to mono-, di-. tri-. and tetravalent metal cations cationic metal complexes and organic cations, including mono-, di-. and trivalent ammonium systems, amino acids, peptides, and even certain proteins. 

Reaction of the metalated sulfones with esters, lac-tones, amides and carbonates leads to the corresponding /3-keto sulfone (eq 9). The /3-keto sulfones thus formed display chemistry reminiscent of /3-keto esters in their enhanced acidity and tendency to undergo C- and 0-alkylation and acylation. 

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