Sulfonamides thyroid

Finally, some drugs widely used including lithium, ethionamide, sulfonamides carbutamide, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminosalycilic acid, ketoconazole, or phenylbutazone have adverse side effects on the thyroid [26]. 

Drugs that may affect repaglinide include CYP 450 inhibitors (eg, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ketoconazole, miconazole), CYP 450 inducers (eg, barbiturates, carbamazepine, rifampin), beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, chloramphenicol, corticosteroids, coumarins, estrogens, gemfibrozil, isoniazid, itraconazole, levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, MAOIs, nicotinic acid, NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, phenytoin, probenecid, salicylates, simvastatin, sulfonamides, sympathomimetics, thiazides and other diuretics, and thyroid products. 

The applicability of the APCI interface is restricted to the analysis of compounds with lower polarity and lower molecular mass compared with ESP and ISP. An early demonstration of the potential of the APCI interface is the LC-APCI-MS-MS analysis of phenylbutazone and two of its metabolites in plasma and urine (128). Other applications include the LC-APCI-MS analysis of steroids in equine and human urine and plasma (129-131), the determination of six sulfonamides in milk samples after a simple solid-phase extraction and LC separation (132), of tetracyclines in muscle at the 100 ppb level (133), of fenbendazole, oxfendazole, and the sulfone metabolite in muscle at the 10 ppb level, and of five thyreostats in thyroid tissue at the 1 ppm level (134). 

Drug interactions NSAIDs Salicylates Sulfonamides Chloramphenicol Probenecid Coumarins MAO inhibitors Beta-blockers Thiazides and other diuretics Corticosteroids Phenothiazines Thyroid products Estrogens Oral contraceptives Phenytoin Nicotinic acid Sympathomimetic Calcium channel blockers Isoniazid Miconazole... 

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with amiodarone, anabolic steroids, antithyroid agents, barbiturates, bivalirudin, cimetidine, clofibrate, clopidogrel, cyclosporine, delavirdine, dextrothyroxine, disulfiram, fluconazole, glutethimide, imatinib, itraconazole, ketoconazole, metronidazole, miconazole, penicillins, phenylbutazones, piperacillin, quinidine, quinine, rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentine, rofecoxib, salicylates, sulfinpyrazone, sulfonamides, testosterone, thyroid, zileuton... 

Figure 52-3 Formation and secretion of thyroid hormone. Iodine transport into the gland is inhibited by anions such as thiocyanate (SCN ), perchlorate (C 0 ), and pertechnetate (TcO ). The oxidation and organic binding of iodide to thyroglobuiin are blocked by thioureas, sulfonamides, and high concentrations of iodide. (Modified from Berger S, Quinn JLThyroid function. ln Tietz NW, ed. Fundamentals of clinical chemistry, 2nd ed. Philadelphia WB Saunders Co, 1976 585.)...

Littlefield et al. (7) rejwrted that the antibiotic sulfamethazine [4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide] induced hyperplasia and adenomas of the thyroid glands in rats. This report and the results of surveys indicating that sulfamethazine residues were present in a large percentage of market milk samples collected in the USA and Canada 2-4) have generated concern about the disposition of sulfamethazine in dairy anim. The studies reported here were initiated to compare the metabolic fate of C-sulfameth-azine 4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzene-[U C]sulfonamide when given orally or intravenously to lactating dairy cows. 

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