Sulfate added

If the solution is acidified and aUtde ferric sulfate added, ferric ferrocyanide [14038-43-8], Fe4[Fe(CN)g]2, is produced. This salt has a characteristic deep blue color, and the reaction may be used to test for the cyanide. 

A solution of sodium methoxide, prepared from sodium (23 g) and dry methanol (500 mL), was added drop-wise at 0 °C to a stirred suspension of aminoacetonitrile hydrochloride (18, 100 g, 1.08 mol) in dry methanol (100 rnL). After stirring for 2 h at rt the precipitated sodium chloride was filtered off and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. EtOAc (20 mL) was added and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove all traces of methanol. The oily residue was dissolved in dry EtOAc (100 mL) and anhydrous sodium sulfate added. After cooling, the precipitate was filtered off. The solution of crude aminoacetonitrile was used without further purification. This solution was added drop-wise during a period of 1 h to a vigorously stirred, ice-cooled solution of carbon disulphide (100 mL, 1.66 mol) in dry EtOAc (100 mL) under an N2 atmosphere. Continued mechanical stirring and water-free conditions were essential. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. The resultant precipitate was filtered off, washed with EtaO and dried, giving the product 50 as yellow crystals (99 g, 75 % on amount of sodium), m.p. 131 °C dec. IR (KBr) v max 1630, 1500 cm. ... 

Haywood and Riley [14] have described a spectrophotometric method for the determination of arsenic in seawater. Adsorption colloid flotation has been employed to separate phosphate and arsenate from seawater [15]. These two anions, in 500 ml filtered seawater, are brought to the surface in less than 5 min, by use of ferric hydroxide (added as 0.1 M FeC 2 ml) as collector, at pH 4, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate [added as 0.05% ethanolic solution (4 ml)] and a stream of nitrogen (15 ml/minutes). The foam is then removed and phosphate and arsenate are determined spectrophotometrically [16]. Recoveries of arsenate and arsenite exceeding 90% were obtained by this procedure. 

Hiraide et al. [737] developed a multielement preconcentration technique for chromium (III), manganese (II), cobalt, nickel, copper (II), cadmium, and lead in artificial seawater using coprecipitation and flotation with indium hydroxide followed by ICP-AES. The metals are simultaneously coprecipitated with indium hydroxide adjusted to pH 9.5, with sodium hydroxide, ethano-lic solutions of sodium oleate and dodecyl sulfate added, and then floated to... 

Nine or 10 subjects fed meal (a) basal containing maize, rice, and black beans, or the basal meal with (b) 75g beef added, (c) 15g soy flour added, or (d) iron (ferrous sulfate) added in an amount equivalent to that provided by the soy flour in (c) Non-heme iron absorptions of (a) 3.2, (b) 8.4, and (c) 4.8,-total iron absorptions of (a) 0.18, (b)0.63, (c)0.51 and (d)0.64mg. Soy product "substantially augmented" the amount of non-heme iron absorbed from basal meal (38)... 

It is necessary to bleed about 25% of the filtrate from the carbonate precipitation to maintain material balances. This large bleed is due to the sulfate added in the sulfuric acid leach and because the waste material contains considerable amounts of alkali (KOH) and water. The bleed needs special treatment to recover ammonia and to produce an environmentally acceptable effluent. 

Fig. 2. Left Experimental profiles of the conventional DANTE sequence (top) and of the DANTE-Z sequence (bottom). The sample used was 5% H2O in D2O with a tiny amount of copper sulfate added (leading to a T of approximately 3 s). The different traces were obtained by shifting the carrier frequency in 50 Hz steps without readjustment of the spectrometer phase. For each experiment, four scans were acquired in order to perform the complete phase cycling of DANTE-Z. Right (a) The conventional H spectrum of a small protein (toxin 7 60 residues) in D2O at 318 K (b) selection of the aromatic region by the conventional DANTE sequence (c) same as (b) using the DANTE-Z procedure. Experiments were performed at 200 MHz using a routine AC200 Bruker spectrometer.

Water is electrolyzed in the presence of a small amount of sulfuric acid or sodium sulfate added to water to provide ion flow in a solution. 

T) Slaked lime and aluminum sulfate added to water react to form gelatinous aluminum hydroxide. 

Because sulfuric acid was used to acidify the treatment basin, the increase in SO4 2" was expected. However, only about 50% of the sulfate added as sulfuric acid remained in the water column of the treatment basin the remainder was lost to outseepage and in-lake processes. For example, had the added sulfate remained in the water column, [S042- ] at pH 4.7 would have been 257 xequiv/L (versus the measured [S042- ] = 147 ixequiv/ L). The loss of sulfate by reduction may contribute to the generation of alkalinity this possibility is discussed in the Internal Alkalinity section. Chloride showed no significant trend with decreasing pH. 

A sedimentation tank has chemicals known as flocculants, for example aluminium sulfate, added to it to make the smaller particles (which remain in the water as colloidal clay) stick together and sink to the bottom of the tank. 

Burke et al. (38) studied 11 geriatric subjects, 5 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 56 to 83 years, in a similar 30-day metabolic study. Dally copper intake was 2.33 mg, with 1.05 mg provided as copper sulfate added to the breakfast beverage and... 

The enzyme can be assayed in cytosol prepared by conventional means, or in the dissolved pellet obtained from treatment of cytosol with ammonium sulfate added to 45% of saturation. 

Sodium (23 g) was dissolved in 400 ml methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether and (9.3 g), 50 ml dimethyl carbonate added, and 300 ml methyl alcohol collected during distillation. Thereafter, copper cyanide (915 g) and 2,3,6-tribromo-4-methylphenol (34.4 g) dissolved in 100 ml ethylene glycol and dimethyl ether were added over 3 hours at 80 °C. The mixture was stirred 5 hours, 800 ml water added, cooled to 50 °C, and 100 ml methyl sulfate added. The mixture was stirred 2 hours at ambient temperature, concentrated, 250 ml NH4OH added, and the product extracted with methyl chloride. The organic phase was washed with dilute HCl, water, dried, concentrated, and 20 g product isolated, bp = 100°C at 0.1 mmHg. 

Finally, the quantity of ammonium sulfate added must be considered. A number of methods have been proposed to express the quantities of salt added. Figure 10-6 depicts an approach based upon the degree of saturation. At 25 C a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate is 4.1 M in ammonium sulfate (767 g of salt/liter of water). The table indicates the amount of ammonium sulfate that must be added per liter of solution, either free of ammonium sulfate or at some initial concentration, to yield any of the final concentrations listed. Concentrations shown are in terms of percent saturation at 25°C. Since the solubility of ammonium sulfate does not decrease significantly as the temperature drops (3.9M at 0°C), these values are useful regardless of the temperature. If saturated solutions of ammonium sulfate are used the amount to be added may be calculated using the equation... 

To the filtrate add 3 M sodium hydroxide solution and shake the flask to allow all of the acetic anhydride and fluoboric acid to react with the base. Test the aqueous layer with indicator paper to ascertain that neutralization is complete and then transfer the mixture to a reaction tube and draw off the aqueous layer. Wash the ether once with 10 mL of water, once with 10 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution, and dry the ether over anhydrous sodium sulfate, adding the drying agent until it no longer clumps together. 

Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Japan Barium sulfate AD... 

The method formerly used by the Primos Chemical Company at Newmire, Colorado, depends on fusing the crushed roscoelite with sodium chloride. The sodium vanadate formed is dissolved out and ferrous sulfate added to precipitate ferrous vanadate. The uranium is not recovered by this process. Other similar processes fuse the ore with an alkali carbonate and carbon, 3 sodium nitrate, or potassium acid sulfate. 

Figure 34. Determination of micellar charge from equilibrium and kinetic measurements. The decrement of micellar charge as a function of sodium dodecyl sulfate added to Brij 58 micelles was calculated from the pK shift according to Gouy-Chapman equation (/ = lOm/W) (A) or from the second-order rate constant of protonation using Debye s equation (Eigen etal., 1964) for rates measured in the presence of ionic screening (O) at/ = 10mM,or from rates extrapolated to / = 0 ( ) (Gutman et al., 1981a).

The addition of sulfates to the positive plate was evaluated by Lorenz (as described in Ref. 58). Results showed that 0.5wt.% barium sulfate or strontium sulfate added to the positive active-material reduced the cycle-life from 100 cycles without the additive to 30-50 cycles with the additive under the same conditions. The end-of-life was taken as a 40% decline in the initial capacity. Lorenz further reported that calcium sulfate is not isomorphous with lead sulfate and therefore has no effect on battery life. (Note, calcium sulfate also does not act as an inorganic expander for negative plates.)... 

Methoxy-4-ethoxyaniline and 90% -formic acid refluxed 40 min. —>- 3-methoxy-4-ethoxyformanilide (Y 94%) dissolved in dioxane, diethyl sulfate added in 2 portions, and, over a period of 1.5 hrs., coned, aq. KOH dropped into the mixture so that the system remains nearly neutral —> N-ethyl-3-methoxy-4-ethoxyformanilide (Y 72%), suspended in N NaOH, and refluxed 1 hr. with stirring —> N-ethyl-3-methoxy-4-ethoxyaniline (Y 87%).—Ethylation in aq. medium did not proceed. (J. A. F. Gardner, E. Y. Moir, and C. B. Purves, Gan. J. Research 26 B, 681 (1948).)... 

The patent of Gruaz (Ref 2) suggests that a small amt of a metal sulfate added to a phosphorous-based expl will reduce the amt of deflagration of the expl... 

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