Suggested References

Price and L. Stevens, Fundamentals of Enzymology, 2nd ed., Oxford Science Publishers, London, 1989. 

International Union of Biochemistry, Enzyme Nomenclature, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 1984. 

Comish-Bowden, Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics, Butterworths, London, 1979. 

Purich, Contemporary Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism, Academic Press, New York, 1983. 

Laidler and P. S. Bunting, The Chemical Kinetics of Enzyme Action, Oxford University Press, London, 1973. 

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Leggett RW, Williams LR. Suggested reference values for regional blood volumes in humans. Flealth Phys 1991 60 139-154. 

Suggested references on fluorescent spectroscopy and the use of fluorescent probes include Lakowicz (1991, 1999) Bright (1988) Dewey (1991) McGown and Warner (1990) Ploem and Tanke (1987) Darzynkiewicz and Crissman (1990) Haugland (1991) and Waggoner (1990). 

Table 14.1 Suggested reference ranges for serum levels of aminoglycoside and glycopeptide antibiotics...

While investing money is secondary to developing core competence at engaging work, there are basic decisions to make in the allocation of money. A good approach is to read and engage a number of the suggested references or other current texts on these topics. 

Section 6.6 discusses the Outer Approximation with Equality Relaxation and Augmented Penalty OA/ER/AP approach. In Sections 6.6.1 and 6.6.2 the formulation and basic idea are presented, while in section 6.6.3 the master problem is derived. Section 6.6.4 presents the OA/ER/AP algorithm and illustrates it with a nonconvex example problem. The reader is referred to the suggested references in sections 6.4,6.5 and 6.6 for further reading in the outer approximation based algorithms. 

This chapter presents optimization-based approaches for the synthesis of heat exchanger networks. Sections 8.1 and 8.2 introduce the reader to the overall problem definition, key temperature approaches, and outline the different types of approaches proposed in the last three decades. For further reading, refer to the review paper of Gundersen and Naess (1988) and the suggested references. 

Section 8.4 presents a decomposition-based approach for the HEN synthesis. Section 8.4.1 discusses an approach for the automatic generation of minimum investment cost HENs that satisfy the targets of minimum utility cost and minimum matches, and section 8.4.2 outlines the decomposition-based synthesis strategy. Further reading in this subject can be found in the suggested references. 

Section 9.2 presents key issues that arise in the synthesis of heat-integrated sharp distillation columns and presents a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model which allows for treating the pressure of each column explicitly as a variable while at the same time heat integration alternatives are incorporated. For further reading in this subject the reader is referred to Floudas and Paules (1988) and the other suggested references. 

This chapter presents an introduction to the key issues of reactor-based and reactor-separator-recycle systems from the mixed-integer nonlinear optimization perspective. Section 10.1 introduces the reader to the synthesis problems of reactor-based systems and provides an outline of the research work for isothermal and nonisothermal operation. Further reading on this subject can be found in the suggested references and the recent review by Hildebrandt and Biegler (1994). 

Section 10.2 describes the MINLP approach of Kokossis and Floudas (1990) for the synthesis of isothermal reactor networks that may exhibit complex reaction mechanisms. Section 10.3 discusses the synthesis of reactor-separator-recycle systems through a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization approach proposed by Kokossis and Floudas (1991). The problem representations are presented and shown to include a very rich set of alternatives, and the mathematical models are presented for two illustrative examples. Further reading material in these topics can be found in the suggested references, while the work of Kokossis and Floudas (1994) presents a mixed-integer optimization approach for nonisothermal reactor networks. 

It has been very fortunate that the S scale and the universal primary reference, tetram-ethylsilane (TMS), were widely accepted rather early in 29Si NMR history. (For other suggested references, their relative merits and conversion factors, see earlier reviews9.) Not only does TMS have a relatively short relaxation time 7 3 14, but it also has 12 protons that can be utilized for polarization transfer. Thus TMS can be used as a reference at low... 

The author wishes to indicate his indebtedness to several of his colleagues, particularly Professors B. E. Warren and W. B. Nottingham, who have read parts of the manuscript and made valuable comments. His indebtedness to books is naturally very great, but most of them are mentioned in the list of suggested references at the end of this volume. 

For the specific case of a standard for fluoride ion activity KF rather than NaF has been suggested. KF is a better choice because ion pairing is much less. Further, the average hydration number of the fluoride ion is almost the same as that for potassium ion, so that activity coefficients of the two ions are similar. Suggested reference activity values (pM or pAJ for use in the operational definitions for ion-activity measurements [Equations (13-26) or (13-27)] are shown in Table 13-2. For the case of fluoride ion, measurements of its activity in NaF-NaCl mixtures up to 1 m and KF-KX mixtures up to 4 m yielded the same values as pure NaF or KF at the same ionic strength. 

There is a basic issue regarding the suggested reference states ... 

However, there is a basic issue regarding the suggested reference states (Matteoli—Lepori and Shulgin—Ruckenstein) Is the excess (or deficit) number of molecules around a central molecule equal to zero in ideal mixtures The considerations of the above authors imply that the distribution of components in an ideal mixture is random and therefore all excess (or deficit) number of molecules around a central molecule should be zero. However, because the volumes of the components are different, there is no absolute randomness. A new treatment is suggested below, which accounts for a volume which is not accessible to the molecules surrounding a central molecule and which reveals that for ideal mixtures the excesses (or deficits) are not zero. The inaccessible volume thus introduced could be considered a kind of reference state which, however, does not correspond to an ideal mixture. 

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