Sugar-derived polyol

Oxidative processes (route B) represent another common route to triazolopyridines (compounds described in Schemes 54 and 55). These preparations all start from aldehyde hydrazones and use different oxidative reagents for the cyclization (Table 2). Generally, those conditions are milder than condensation methods. Moreover, the oxidizing reagents are compatible with other moieties, even the sugar-derived polyol 209. In the case of compound 208, the hydrazone (major diastereomer) was obtained by tautomerization of the corresponding enhydrazine, the... 

Telomerization of Sugar-Derived Polyols Sugar Alcohols and Dianhydrohexitols... 

As the main processed biomass feedstocks are polysaccharides, the available building blocks are currently sugars and sugar derivatives (polyols, organic acids obtained by fermentation), as indicated by solid frames in Fig. 2. These building-blocks can be further transformed into chemicals of interest and the polyfunctional hydrophilic ones could act... 

Jansen G, Muskiet FA, Schierbeek H, Berger R, van der Slik SW (1986) Capillary gas chromatographic profiling of urinary, plasma and erythrocyte sugars and polyols as their trimeth-ylsilyl derivatives, preceded by a simple and rapid prepurification method. Clin Chim Acta 157 277-293... 

Inhibition op Intestinal PPi-Glucose Phosphotransferase Activity by Sugars, Sugar Derivatives, and Polyols"... 

Table IV also includes some values determined in methanol as the solvent these are very much higher (and, hence, also more accurate) than those in water, because the polyol competes with methanol, rather than with water, for outer-sphere positions on the cation. These figures explain why carbohydrates are soluble in methanol or ethanol containing high concentrations of calcium chloride, or even potassium acetate, and in such systems as lithium chloride in 2-methoxyethanol. ° Sugar derivatives that are soluble in non-hydroxylic solvents form complexes with cations in those solvents even more readily for example, methyl 2,3-0-isopropylidene-4-0-methyl-) -L-rhamnopyranoside (24) (but not its a anomer) will form a complex with sodium iodide in acetone, the Na" " ion coordinating to 0-1,0-2, and 0-3. In aqueous solution, the concentration of this complex would be negligible.

U.S. 6592856 (2003) Giles et al. (Unilever) Combination of conditioning agents emulsified silicones, cationic polymers, fatty acid polyesters of cyclic polyols and/or sugar derivatives Improved hair softness and ease of combings, especially for damaged hair, through environmental or harsh mechanical or chemical treatments... 

Synthesis of compatible solutes and production of stress-tolerant plants The cellular response of salt- and drought-tolerant organisms to both long- and short-term sah-nity stresses includes the synthesis and accumulation of a class of osmoprotective compounds known as compatible solutes. These relatively small, organic osmolytes include amino acids and derivatives, polyols and sugars, and methylamines. The osmolytes stabilize proteins and cellular stractures, and can also increase the osmotic pressure of the ceU [45]. This response... 

In the procedure of Laine and Sweeley [405], methoximation and trimethylsilyla-tion are combined to avoid variation in the ratios of a- and j8-anomers of the pyranose and furanose forms. This approach was used to handle successfully 33 sugar derivatives, including aldoses, ketoses, polyols, acidic forms and A -acetylated amino sugars, on a fused silica capillary column [406]. Obviously, the problems of multiple peak formation can be overcome through the use of highly efficient capillary columns. The application of capillary columns in carbohydrate analysis, used probably for the first time by Tesarik [407] in 1972, has now become widespread. 

Azido-sugar derivatives such as 51 were synthesized conventionally from the known trichloroethylidene carbamate derivatives such as 52, prepared by a one-pot acetalation-epimerization procedure from methyl a-D-mannopyrano-side (see Section 2.1) The 2,6-anhydro-5-azido-2-C-hydroxymethyl-L-allohep-tose derivative 53 has been synthesized from a racemic norbornenone derivative. 6-Azido-6-deoxy-, and 5,6-diazido-, 5-azido-6-fluoro- and 6-azido-5-fluoro-5,6-dideoxy-D-fructoses 54 have been prepared by polyol dehydrogenase-catalysed isomerization of the corresponding D-glucose derivatives. ... 

A number of sugar-based polyols (e.g. derived from sucrose, a-methyl glucoside, dextrose, sorbitol, etc.) containing phosphorus in the form of phosphate, phosphite or phosphonate linkages have been reported for use in flame-retardant, rigid urethane foams (52-59). Recent reviews on flame-retardant urethanes incTu3e those of Papa ( 2) and Frisch and Reegen ( 3). 

Sugar or sugar derivative-based polyols have found the widest applications in rigid urethane foams for various industries. However, higher equivalent weight polyols (low hydroxyl numbers) of these sugar or sugar... 

Sugar or sugar derivatives are playing importeuit roles in the meuiufacture of polyols for urethane polymers, in particulcu for use in rigid uretheme foeuns. 

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