Sugar alcohols polyols

The 1995 Canadian and United States sugar alcohol (polyol) production is shown in Table 2. The market share of each is also given. Liquids comprise 48% crystalline product comprises 39% and mannitol comprises 13% of the polyol market. An estimate of total U.S. sorbitol capacity for 1995 on a 70% solution basis was 498,000 t. ADM, Decatur, lU., produced 68,200 t Ethichem, Easton, Pa., 13,600 t Lon2a, Mapleton, lU., 45,400 t Roquette America, Gurnee, lU., 68,200 t and SPI Polyols, New Castle, Del., 75,000 t (204). Hoffman-LaRoche, which produces sorbitol for captive usage in the manufacture of Vitamin C (see Vitamins), produced about 27,300 t in 1995. 

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) that occurs as a white or almost white powder or granular or crystalline substance. It is pleasant tasting with a mild sweetness approximately 60-70% ... 

Biological Activity of Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides Sugar Alcohols Polyols Cyclitols L-Ascorbic Acid Glycosides in Plants... 

A number of cyclic polyols also are known to occur (Fig. 15.13). myo-Inositol (62), widespread in animals, is a growth factor in yeasts and a group B vitamin. This compound, one of nine possible stereoisomers, is widespread in plants (six other isomers also are naturally occurring). When plant cells are incubated with radiolabeled myo-inositol, a large portion of the label appears in the pentose and uronic acid residues of the cell wall (Karr, 1976 Loewus and Loewus, 1980). myo-Inositol serves as a precursor for o-glucuronic acid (3). Furthermore, when glucose and other monosaccharides are incorporated into cell walls, myo-inositol appears to be an intermediate (Karr, 1976 Loewus and Loewus, 1980). Analytical techniques for the study of cyclitols and sugar alcohols (polyols) have been reviewed (Beck and Hopf, 1990 Loewus, 1990). 

Lewis, D. H., and Smith, D. C. (1967). Sugar alcohols (polyols) in fungi and green plants. I. Distribution, physiology and metabolism. New Phytol. 66, 143-184. 

HPLC, GC, and enzymatic methods have been traditionally used for the specific analysis of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and sugar alcohols (polyols) (Asp, 1995 Greenfield and Southgate, 1992 Southgate, 1991). HPLC with refractive index detection (RID) and GC have been the techniques of choice for the simultaneous... 

Sorbitol (C6H14O6,182.17g/mol) is a sugar alcohol (polyol) and water soluble. Its International Union of Pme and Applied Chemistry name is (2S,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-l,2,3,4,5,6-hexol, and it is also known as glucitol. It is sweet in taste and the human body metabolizes it slowly. It is naturally foxmd in many fruits, eg, berries (except grapes), cherries, plums, pears, and apples (Budavari et al., 1996 Wrolstad and Shallenberger, 1981). Sorbitol is nontoxic, nonirritant, stable, and chemically inert. It is a noncariogenic chemical, and it is resistant to metabolism by oral bacteria, prevents the formation of dental caries, and is less vulnerable to mold growth. 

In general, these polyols are water-soluble, crystalline compounds with small optical rotations in water and a slightly sweet to very sweet taste. Selected physical properties of many of the sugar alcohols are Hsted in Table 1. 

Reduction. Mono- and oligosaccharides can be reduced to polyols (polyhydroxy alcohols) termed alditols (glycitols) (1) (see Sugar alcohols). Common examples of compounds in this class ate D-glucitol (sorbitol) [50-70-4] made by reduction of D-glucose and xyhtol [87-99-0] made from D-xylose. Glycerol [56-87-5] is also an alditol. Reduction of D-fmctose produces a mixture of D-glucitol and D-mannitol [69-65-8],... 

Polyhydric Alcohols. (Polyols). An alcohol with three or more hydroxyl groups, each attached to a different carbon atom. They are w-sol and of sweetish taste, which tends to intensify with increasing hydroxyl content. Examples of polyols of ordn interest are listed below. Polyvinyl alcohol is considered in a separate entry as a polymer although it is defined as a polyhydric alcohol. Polyols, when nitrated, make excellent expls, proplnt binders, plasticizers, etc. Prepn can follow the procedure of Lenth DuPuis (Ref 3) which uses a methanol suspension of either sucrose or dextrose and a special Cu-Al oxide catalyst to yield 60-65% distillable polyols at 240° and 1500psi Refs 1) Beil — refs found under individual compds 2) CA, under Alcohols, Polyhydric for compds of current ordn interest 3) C.W. Lenth R.N. DuPuis, "Polyhydric Alcohol Production by Hydrogenolysis of Sugars in the Presence of Copper-Aluminum Oxide , IEC 37, 152-57 (1945) CA 39, 1391 (1945)... 

Hydrogenated starch hydrosylate is a mixture of several polyols, or sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol, maltitol, and mannitol, among others. 

Alcohols (diols, polyols, sugan) Lead(IV) acetate -dichloro fluorescein Diol cleavage of vicinal diols, e. g. sugars, sugar alcohols. The lead tetraacetate consumed is no longer available to decompose the fluorescent dichlorofluorescein. [3, 8]... 

Labels have to avoid being misleading to the consumer. As an example some academic chemists dislike the practice of referring to substances such as sorbitol as polyols and would prefer them to be called sugar alcohols. The confusion that this would cause would be very unfortunate. Some of those who need to control their intake of small carbohydrates would be wondering if these substances are sugar or not ... 

Another oxidizing enzyme with very interesting synthetic potential is galactose oxidase [14]. This copper protein oxidizes primary hydroxy functions in polyols enantioselectively to the corresponding aldehydes. Thus, sugar alcohols may be transformed into the interesting non-natural L-configurated... 

Dextrose, obtained from starch, is the raw material for sorbitol and other sugar alcohols and polyols. Isolated starch (usually from corn) can be chemical modified and is used in large amounts as an inexpensive binder in the textile and paper industry. Chemically modified starch can be used as super-absorbers or in polymer manufacturing. 

The second thickening mechanism involves the use of a hydroxyl donor in addition to the polymer. The combination of a carboxyl donor and one or more hydroxyl donors will result in thickening because of the formation of hydrogen bonds. Some commonly used hydroxyl donors are polyols (such as glycerin, propylene glycol and PEG), sugar alcohols such as mannitol, nonionic surfactants with five... 

Confectionery -dextrose for [SYRUPS] (Vol 23) -polyols in [SUGAR ALCOHOLS] (Vol 23)... 

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