Sudbury River

Waldron MC, Cohnan JA, and BreaultRF. 2000. Distribution, hydrologic transport, and cycling of total mercury and methyl mercury in a contaminated river-reservoir-wetland system (Sudbury River, eastern Massachusetts), Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57 1080-1091. 

Wiener JG, Shields PJ. 2000. Mercury hr the Sudbury River (Massachusetts, USA) pollution history and a synthesis of recent research. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57 1053-1061. 

Kenneth Allen graduated with the civil engineering degree in 1879 from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute RPl, Troy NY. He had been employed from 1875 to 1877 at the Boston Water Works, Sudbury River,... 

Brackett, D. (1886). Rainfall received and collected on the water-sheds of Sudbury River and Mystic Lakes. Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies 5(11) 395-401. Kempe, M. (2006). New England water supplies A brief history. Journal of the New England Water Works Association 120(3) 1-157.7 ... 

Anonymous (1935). Steams. Dictionary of American biography 17 542. Scribner s New York. Fteley, A., Steams, F.P. (1883). Description of some experiments on the flow of water made during the constmction of works for conveying the water of Sudbury River to Boston. Trans. ASCE U-. 1-118. 

Rhodium occurs native with other platinum metals in river sands of the Urals and in North and South America. It is also found with other platinum metals in the copper-nickel sulfide area of the Sudbury, Ontario region. Although the quantity occurring here is very small, the large tonnages of nickel processed make the recovery commercially feasible. The annual world production of rhodium is only 7 or 8 tons. 

Ruthenium and osmium are generally found in the metallic state along with the other platinum metals and the coinage metals. The major source of the platinum metals are the nickel-copper sulfide ores found in South Africa and Sudbury (Canada), and in the river sands of the Urals in Russia. They are rare elements, ruthenium particularly so, their estimated abundances in the earth s crustal rocks being but O.OOOl (Ru) and 0.005 (Os) ppm. However, as in Group 7, there is a marked contrast between the abundances of the two heavier elements and that of the first. 

Environmental benefits of Emission Controls. Information in Figure 5 illustrate that the emission of sulphur in eastern North America has declined over the past decade. This decline allows for a possible verification of the dose-response relationships on which the environmental concerns for emissions have been based. A decline in sulphate deposition in Nova Scotia has apparently resulted in a decrease in acidity of eleven rivers over the period 1971-73 to 1981-82 (47), In the Sudbury, Ontario area where emissions have dechned by over 50% between 1974-76 and 1981-83, a resurvey of 209 lakes shows that most lakes have now become less acidic. Twenty-one lakes that had a pH < 5.5 in 1974-76 showed an average decline in acidity of 0.3 pH units over the period (48), Surveys of 54 lakes in the Algoma region of Ontario have shown a rapid response to a decline in sulphate deposition. Two lakes without fish in 1979 have recovered populations as pH of the water moved above 5.5 (49). Evidence is accumulating to support the hypothesis of benefits that were projected as a consequence of emission controls. This provides increased confidence in the projections. 

Canada Ontario 1983-85 trapped English River vs. Sudbury ... 

Russia entered the platinum story late, but today is a big producer. However, it is not the deposits in the Urals that are worked. Three important deposits are linked with nickel and copper ores, one in Norilsk, east of the river J enisej in Siberia and two on the Kola peninsula, Petschenga (Petsamo) and Monchegorsk. Canada has important deposits of a similar type in the Sudbury region. 

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