Sublingual dosage forms

Give some examples of buccal and sublingual dosage forms... 

Name 3 possible buccal or sublingual dosage forms. 

When dealing with oral dosage forms, it is important to study the various changes occurring within the oral cavity, particularly if a buccal or sublingual formulation is being considered. Table 7 lists the changes within the oral cavity that have thus far been elucidated [124,127,138-144], It is very important to note that there is a decrease in the capillary blood supply to the oral mucosa. This may make it difficult to predict accurately the absorption rates that will occur when... 

Tablets are solid dosage forms that are compressed or prepared by a sintering proeess, including sublingual, buccal, chewable, effervescent, and compressed tablets. Some of these ean be easily compoimded an example of a tablet triturate is as follows ...

Drugs are administrated by intravenous routes or ex-travascular routes including oral, sublingual, subcutaneous, intramuscular, rectal (by enema or suppository), and transdermal. Available dosage forms include suspensions, immediate-release capsules or tablets, sustained-release capsules or tablets, and enteric-coated capsules or tablets that resist dissolution in the acidic pfi of the stomach. 

A request for a waiver of in vivo B A/BE studies based on the BCS is not appropriate for dosage forms intended for absorption in the oral cavity (e.g., sublingual or buccal tablets). 

Buccal and sublingual deliveries have been used in various clinical applications such as cardiovascular, smoking cessation, sedation, analgesia, antiemesis, diabetes, and hormonal therapy. The specific drugs will be discussed in relation to the dosage form category. 

Das, N.G., and S.K. Das. 2004. Development of mucoadhesive dosage forms of buprenorphine for sublingual drug delivery. Drug Deliv 11 89. 

Various physiological differences between the buccal and sublingual regions (described below) mean that the types of dosage forms appropriate for these two routes are very different. 

The buccal mucosa comprises an expanse of smooth and relatively immobile surface and thus is ideally suited to the use of retentive delivery systems. In contrast, the sublingual mucosa is unsuitable for adhesive dosage forms for a number of reasons, including ... 

The type of dosage form that is appropriate for oral transmucosal drag delivery is dependent on whether the sublingual or buccal region is to be used as the absorption site. Physiological differences between these two regions means that they are suitable for different applications and thus different types of dosage forms. 

As a result of salivary flow, drag concentrations in this region are sustained only for a relatively short period of time, probably in the order of minutes. For these reasons, the sublingual route is ideally suited to the delivery of low molecular weight lipophilic drags where rapid onset of action is required (e.g. nitroglycerin). Dosage forms that have been developed that are suitable for these types of applications include ... 

Shyu, W. C., Mayol, R. F., Pfeffer, M., Pittman, K. A., and Barbhiya, R. H. (1993), Bio-pharmaceutical evaluation of transnasal, sublingual and buccal disk dosage forms of butorphanol, Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 14, 371-379. 

The final pharmaceutical dosage forms commonly packaged in unit-dose form are transdermal patches and sublingual films. These drugs are often very sensitive to light and moisture, so they are frequently sealed in foil wrappers or other impervious media. 

The indications given in the tables are reproduced directly from the EML. If the EML specifies the dosage form (e.g. sublingual tablet) this is indicated under comments . 

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