Sublingual drug delivery

Das, N.G., and S.K. Das. 2004. Development of mucoadhesive dosage forms of buprenorphine for sublingual drug delivery. Drug Deliv 11 89. 

To understand the mechanism of action of permeation enhancers, the routes by which drugs are absorbed first need to be considered. Chapter 9 reviews the basic biopharmaceutics of buccal and sublingual drug delivery, so only a very brief discussion of this in the context of permeation enhancement will be given below. 

Wang, Y. Zuo, Z. Lee, K.K.H. Chow, M.S.S. Evaluation of HO-l-u-1 cell line as an in vitro model for sublingual drug delivery involving passive diffusion—Initial validation stndies. Int. J. Pharm. 2007, 334 (1-2), 27-34. 

Sublingual Drug Delivery is one of the most efficient ways to bypass hepatic first -pass metabolism [120], In this method the drug enters systemic circulation by dissolving in the mucosa. 

Unlike the skin, the mucosae of the oral cavity are constantly maintained moist by the continual secretion of saliva from the three major salivary glands (submandibular, parotid, and sublingual) and the minor salivary glands located in or beneath the mucosae. The thickness of the salivary film (pellicle) has been calculated to be between 70 /rm and 100 /./m [23] however, both the composition and amount of saliva produced can vary between individuals, with time of day, disease states, and drug therapy [33], all of which must be taken into account when considering the oral cavity as a site for drug delivery. 

Drug delivery through the oral mucosa can be achieved via different pathways sublingual (floor of the mouth), buccal (lining of the cheeks), and gingival (gums). The sublingual... 

Several types of CDD systems have been designed based on various mechanisms of drug release (Table I). These mechanisms are dependent on the required site of drug delivery, the physicochemical properties of the drug and also of the delivery vehicle (13), Modes of administration can be oral, sublingual, transdermal, rectal, intrauterine, ocular, or parenteral (intramuscular, peritoneal, and subcutaneous routes of injection). 

A therapeutic substance can be administered to a patient via a number of pathways. Oral delivery (by the mouth) was among the very first drug delivery methods used in the pharmaceutical industry [26]. Drugs may also be transferred to the alimentary channel via sublingual (under the tongue) or rectal (to the rectum) administration. 

The term mucoadhesion is commonly used to describe an interaction between the mucin layer, which lines the entire GI tract, and a bioadhesive polymer, which could be natural or synthetic in origin.From the oral delivery standpoint, these systems are used to immobilize and localize a drug delivery device in the selected regions of the GI tract, which could be an oral cavity (buccal and sublingual routes), the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or colon (oral route). For the most part, research in this area has focused on the design of polymeric micro- and nanoparticulate systems that use hydrophilic polymers, primarily due to their propensity to interact with the mucosal surface. ... 

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