Subject specific discharge

From a treatment perspective, despite their specific contents, hospital waste-waters (HWWs) are quite often considered to be of comparable pollutant nature to UWWs and, as such, are discharged directly into public sewers and co-treated with UWWs at the nearest WWTP. Unsurprisingly, this management strategy is currently the subject of lively debate in the scientific community [12-14], which has recently begun to evaluate the hospital contribution to UWWs in terms of micropollutant load at a local level. 

A major fallacy is made when observations obeying a known physical law are subjected to trend-oriented tests, but without allowing for a specific behaviour predicted by the law in certain sub-domains of the observation set. This can be seen in Table 11 where a partial set of classical cathode polarization data has been reconstructed from a current versus total polarization graph [28], If all data pairs were equally treated, rank distribution analysis would lead to an erroneous conclusion, inasmuch as the (admittedly short) limiting-current plateau for cupric ion discharge, albeit included in the data, would be ignored. Along this plateau, the independence of current from polarization potential follows directly from the theory of natural convection at a flat plate, with ample empirical support from electrochemical mass transport experiments. 

Noteworthy is a recent multi-step method for the production of molecular [ F]F2 of considerable higher specific radioactivity (100-925 Ci/mmol or 3.7-34 TBq/ mmol) starting from aqueous [" Fjfluoride produced with the 0(p,n) F reaction [38], The dried and activated [ F]fluoride is reacted with methyl iodide to yield methyl [ F]fluoiide (CHsf FjF) which is isolated by gas chromatography. The latter is then subjected to an electrical discharge (20-30 kV, 280 pA, 10 s) in the presence of small amounts of carrier fluorine (150 nmol) resulting in about 30% conversion of the original [ F]fluoride into molecular [ F]F2. 

In addition to these rearrangements of more general importance, a number of isomerizations have been observed which apply only to specific cases. Some cycloolefines, like cyclooctatetraene and cycloheptatriene, are converted almost quantitatively to the alkylaromats styrene and toluene respectively 18). Of possible interest for preparative chemistry are ring-chain isomerizations which have been observed with certain nitrogen compounds 19). When pyrrole is subjected to a discharge it is largely converted to croton nitrile. 

Polymer yield, which is given by Fp= W2IW1, cannot be unity because of the gas formation for which gas yield can be defined by Yg = W3/W1. The value of Tp and Yg can be determined by measurement of pressure of a closed system, which is subjected to electrical discharge. If thus obtained Fp can be considered as a physicochemical parameter that is characteristic to a specific monomer. The average specific deposition rate can be expressed by... 

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