Subject rolling resistance

Fillers of various dimensions are added to polymers to alter its processability, properties and uses. Such micro and nano composites obtained may have tremendous possibilities in industries and information on their viscoelasticity is very necessary as far as their processing and applicability are concerned. The dynamic properties of filled elastomers have been a subject of active research since they affect the performance of tyres such as skid, traction, and rolling resistance. Elastomer nanocomposites are most important materials characterized by excellent elasticity and flexibility, and are widely used in various applications such as cables, tyres, tubing, dielectric materials and sensors [1-5]. The non linear features observed in filled elastomers upon a simple shear are as follows. The dynamic storage and loss moduli of the composites are only dependent on the dynamic strains and not on the static strain. In the same way the stress strain curves also do not depend on static strain. Moreover the initial modulus under constant strain rate is highly rate dependent whereas the terminal modulus is independent of strain rate. This initial to terminal modulus ratio in the stress-strain curves is the same as the ratio of the dynamic storage moduli obtained at low and high strains. 

The dynamic properties of filled elastomers have been a subject of active research because they affect the performance of tires such as skid, traction, and rolling resistance to cite but a few [8-11]. 

Taber Abrasion Resistance - The weight loss of a plastic or other material specimen after it was subjected to abrasion in a Taber abraser for a prescribed number of specimen disk rotations, usually 1000. A Taber abraser consists of an idling abrasive wheel, designated depending on the type and grit of abrasive used as CS-lOF, H 22, etc., and a rotary disk with the specimen mounted on it. The load is applied to the wheel. The produced motion simulates that of rolling with slip. 

Many recently published smdies are subjected to the evaluation of several functional parameters, either by direct measurements or by simulation, including tanperature prediction of rolling tires [126], in-plane [127] and rolling [128] deformations, other rolling tire modal parameter determinations [129] and estimations [130], influence of different parameters on tire power losses and CO2 emission (resistive loads and inflation pressure [131]), tire-road interface parameter measurements [132-138], and particularly the tractive performances for off-road vehicles [139-141]. Other examples refer to the optimization of air pressure in tires for fuel consumption minimization [142]. 

Solid Wheels. These are made in semisteel, forged steel, or molded plastic, hard rubber, and composite materials. They should be limited to small diameters and low-speed movement and should not be used to transmit power. They have low resistance to roll, but a short life span when overloaded or subjected to rough floor conditions. They will cause load vibration... 

A wheat dough is kneaded to the optimum and pressed, rolled or formed after a resting time of, e. g., up to 3 minutes or longer. This dough is subjected to a relatively weak shear compared with kneading. In this case, the resistance to extension is increased in tensile tests in the extensograph (Fig. 15.45). 

The interactions to which the component will be subjected, for example, sliding, rolling contact, static corrosion, including special requirements for strength or fatigue resistance... 

---