Subject electronic properties

The effects of the bonding electrons upon the d electrons is addressed within the subjects we call crystal-field theory (CFT) or ligand-field theory (LFT). They are concerned with the J-electron properties that we observe in spectral and magnetic measurements. This subject will keep us busy for some while. We shall return to the effects of the d electrons on bonding much later, in Chapter 7. 

The highly oriented molecules in thin organic films such as Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films and self-assembled monolayers (SAM) [1] are essential for some molecular functions. Non linear optical and opto-electronic properties are two of the most important and interesting functions of these molecular assemblies. In the past more than thirteen years, simulation of the primary process of photosynthesis using such molecular assemblies and its application to molecular photodiodes [2,3] have been one of the main subjects of our laboratory. 

Cu(II) impurity complexes in amino acid single crystals have been the subject of several EPR studies181-183. Since nitrogen and proton hf structures are only partially resolved in the EPR spectra, no detailed information about the electronic properties of the complex in the neighborhood of the metal ion can be evaluated. ENDOR spectroscopy has therefore been applied58,63 to draw detailed pictures of the positions and the molecular environment of Cu(II) impurities in amino acid crystals. 

The metal-solution interface as the locus of the deposition processes. This interface has two components a metal and an aqueous ionic solution. To understand this interface, it is necessary to have a basic knowledge of the structure and electronic properties of metals, the molecular structure of water, and the structure and properties of ionic solutions. The structure and electronic properties of metals are the subject matter of solid-state physics. The structure and properties of water and ionic solutions are (mainly) subjects related to chemical physics (and physical chemistry). Thus, to study and understand the structure of the metal-solution interface, it is necessary to have some knowledge of solid-state physics as well as of chemical physics. Relevant presentations of these subjects are given in Chapters 2 and 3. 

The electronic properties of chiral catalysts were examined. Condensation of the optically active 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine with appropriate C5(5 )-substituted terf-butyl salicylaldehyde derivatives followed by complexation with mangane-se(III) center led to the corresponding catalysts 12a-12e. Then three model substrates, 2,2-dimethylchromene, cA-(3-methylstyrene, and cA-2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene, were subjected to enantioselective expoxidation catalyzed by 5-substituted... 

Fig, 1 provides a listing of the various sulfur donor ligands whose complexes have been the subject of considerable research. The list of ligands in Fig. 1 is not exhaustive since only potentially bidentate ligands are given. The electronic properties of complexes with bidentate sulfur donor ligands are usually similar although their physical properties, e.g., solubility, can vary widely. This review deals primarily with dithio- and diselenophosphate complexes however, related complexes are discussed wherever they are pertinent to the present discussion. 

By introducing fluorine atoms to the polyenic system of retinal, the geometry, electronic properties, hydrophobicity, and absorption properties of the molecule will be modified. Thus, fluoro derivatives of retinal are useful tools to understand the interactions between retinal and opsin, especially on the level of charge and hydrophobic effects at the protein site. Moreover, fluorine atoms are probes in NMR and allow studies on model molecules of visual pigments Consequently, syntheses of mono-, di-, and trifluoro derivatives of retinal have been the subject of many investigations. 

Crystals are essential both for fundamental studies of solids and for fabrication of devices. The ideal requirements are large size, high purity and maximum perfection (freedom from defects). It may also be necessary to incorporate selective impurities (dopants) during growth in order to achieve required electronic properties. A number of methods are available for growing crystals (Table 3.7) and the subject has been reviewed extensively in the literature (Laudise, 1970 Banks Wold, 1974 Mrocz-kowski, 1980 Honig Rao, 1981). 

This chapter deals with the fundamental aspects of redox reactions in non-aque-ous solutions. In Section 4.1, we discuss solvent effects on the potentials of various types of redox couples and on reaction mechanisms. Solvent effects on redox potentials are important in connection with the electrochemical studies of such basic problems as ion solvation and electronic properties of chemical species. We then consider solvent effects on reaction kinetics, paying attention to the role of dynamical solvent properties in electron transfer processes. In Section 4.2, we deal with the potential windows in various solvents, in order to show the advantages of non-aqueous solvents as media for redox reactions. In Section 4.3, we describe some examples of practical redox titrations in non-aqueous solvents. Because many of the redox reactions are realized as electrode reactions, the subjects covered in this chapter will also appear in Part II in connection with electrochemical measurements. 

The extensive series of known quadruply bound molybdenum dimers has also been the subject of detailed experimental investigations to unravel the electronic properties characterizing excited states in these Mo2+ derivatives. Consideration of the Mo2Xj spectra is presented first since the Mo2(02CR)4 compounds exhibit significantly different features in their electronic spectra. 

The electronic properties of powder carbide materials have been the subject of many investigations.1,2 Among the early transition metal... 

Fullerene, black and shiny like graphite, is the subject of active current research because of its interesting electronic properties. When allowed to react with rubidium metal, a superconducting material called rubidium fulleride, Rb3C6o, is formed. (We ll discuss superconductors in more detail in Section 21.6.) Carbon nanotubes are being studied for use as fibers in the structural composites used to make golf clubs, bicycle frames, boats, and airplanes. On a mass basis, nanotubes are up to ten times as strong as steel. 

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