Oligosaccharides residues

Many proteins on the surface of the plasma membrane, and the majority of secreted proteins, contain oligosaccharide residues that are post-translationally added to the endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus (see p.230). By contrast, cytoplasmic proteins are rarely glycosylated. Glycoproteins can contain more than 50% carbohydrate however, the proportion of protein is generally much greater. 

Most extracellular proteins contain covalently bound oligosaccharide residues. For example. 

Glycoproteins, such as horseradish peroxidase, are coupled selectively to other proteins or NH2-groups bearing molecules via oligosaccharide side chain oxidation. The vicinal OH groups of oligosaccharide residues are oxidized by periodate to aldehyde groups, which react with amines to form imines (Schiff bases). 

Ruff Y et al (2010) Glycodynamers dynamic polymers bearing oligosaccharides residues -generation, structure, physicochemical, component exchange, and lectin binding properties. J Am Chem Soc 132 2573-2584... 

Chemical synthesis of glycopeptides which carry large oligosaccharide residues is often demanding and time-consuming. In such cases, use of enzymatic techniques for the elaboration of existing,... 

Degradation of these oligosaccharides, and of the intact phytoglycosphingolipids, with nitrite gives 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose, together with the oligosaccharide residue, which is not cleaved. 

The compounds to be discussed in this category are structurally unrelated, except that they contain a monosaccharide residue or oligosaccharide residue attached to an aglycon which may be an aromatic compound, a lipid, or even a nucleic acid. The fimctions of these glycosides are as diverse as their chemical compositions, although it can be said that, in... 

Oligosaccharide residues of glycoproteins are modified in unfavorable pH ranges. 

The cell walls of microorganisms contain a range of macromolecules with lipid and oligosaccharide residues. The... 

---