Styrene-divinyl benzene resin

The dehydration of t-butyl alcohol over styrene-divinyl benzene resins containing different combinations of the acid groups -PO(OH)2, -P(OH)2, and -SO3H gave rate data which were best described by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood expression (equation 4), and involved summation of contributions for each site, ie. 

Styrene-divinyl benzene resins have been used as typical support for the metal containing catalysts bound to them. The synthesis of these polymeric reagents has involved several approaches depending on the application which they are intended. The immobilization of transition metals on polymer supports involves using polymers containing ligands which can complex with the metal such that the coordination sphere of the metal remains essentially the same as in... 

Boc-P-alanine-(4-carbonylaminomethyl)-benzyl-ester-copoly(styrene-divinyl-benzene)resin, (Boc-P-Ala-Pam resin). Optimal loading level of 0.2-0.25 mmol/g (Peptides International, Louisville, KY). 

Ni, Co.Cu.Zn,Pb Styrene-divinyl benzene resin Post-column reaction with 4-(2-pyridyl(azo)) resorcinol UV/visible ng L [287]... 

The reaction is reversible and therefore the products should be removed from the reaction zone to improve conversion. The process was catalyzed by a commercially available poly(styrene-divinyl benzene) support, which played the dual role of catalyst and selective sorbent. The affinity of this resin was the highest for water, followed by ethanol, acetic acid, and finally ethyl acetate. The mathematical analysis was based on an equilibrium dispersive model where mass transfer resistances were neglected. Although many experiments were performed at different fed compositions, we will focus here on the one exhibiting the most complex behavior see Fig. 5. 

As common examples of monomers used for the production of resins, methacrylate and styrene can be mentioned, where the cross-linkers are ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) or divinyl benzene (DVB), respectively [205], The most important resins of this type are the poly(styrene-divinyl benzene) type or Amberlite resins, as well as the Wofatit and Lewatit [192] types. These materials have been widely applied as adsorbents [191,192,207] and as ion exchangers [193,194,208],... 

Functionalization of crosslinked polymers by Mannich reaction" includes mainly polystyrenes and polyacrylics such as styrene/divinyl benzene copolymers 537-539114-117 gpjj acrylic ester/divinyl benzene copolymers 540, respectively." These materials are involved in the reaction as substrate (539)" or, more frequently, as amine reagent (sec also Fig. 163, Chap. Ill) when the crosslinked product, containing amino groups, is allowed to react with phosphorous acids (537,538, and 540). Thus, chelating properties are assumed by the resins. 

The advantages of the ion-exchange resins, a common one being a sulphon-ated styrene-divinyl benzene cross-linked polymer, were claimed to be as follows ... 

No.caf.Dmethphan Antitussives, Separation on porous polymer Styrene-divinyl benzene 500x5 expectorants, resins methyl methacrylate co- or antihistaminics polymer, substituted 500x3 various others with hydroxymethyl groups Me0H-NH.0H(99 1) MeOH-H2D-NH4OH(95 5 l) 59... 

Other o-nitrophenol-containing resins have been prepared with the aim of increasing the distance between the reactive center and the macromolecular backbone, which should accelerate the active ester formation by achieving an easier approach of the reagents. Thus, the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of styrene-divinyl-benzene copolymer with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl chloride promoted by aluminium trichloride gave 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylated polystyrene (70) (approximately 30% of the aromatic rings of the polymer were substituted according to elemental... 

The chosen polymer support influences the reaction as well. Various polymer supports are described above. Studies of the hydrogenation of 2-propen-2-ol with Pd(0) catalysts showed interesting efficiency and selectivity differences dependant on the polymer resin chosen. Zharmagambetova et al. [16] studied three different organic polymer supports for Pd(0) nanoclusters and compared them to the inorganic A1203. Organic polymers included poly-2-vinlypyridine (PVP), cellulose and styrene-divinyl benzene (STY-DVB) copolymer. The cellulose and STY-DVB... 

We evaluated both gel and macroreticular types of styrene-divinyl-benzene (DVB) and acrylate-DVB strong base anion-exchange resins, all having quaternary ammonium groups attached to the polymer backbone. We used commercially available resins, specifically those of Rohm and Haas Amberlyst A-26, Amberlite IRA-400, Amberlyst XE-279, and Amberlite IRA-458 (all in the chloride form). The A-26 and IRA-400 resins contain styrene-DVB skeletal structures, with IRA-400 being a gel-type resin and A-26 the macroreticular resin. Resins IRA-458 and XE-279 contain acrylate-DVB skeletal structures, where IRA-458 is a gel-type resin and XE-279 a macroreticular resin. These studies compare the properties of the borohydride form of these resins with sodium and tetraethylammonium borohydride. 

A partial listing of available resins is given in Table 9. The Sepabeads adsorbents were introduced commercially in the mid 1980s (Mitsubushi Kasei) and were designed with a density of approx 1.2 g/L, achieved by bromination of the styrene divinyl benzene copolymer base matrix. A beneficial side effect of the bromination was that the surface hydrophobicity was increased relative to the naked polymer. In the case of P-lactam antibiotics such as cephalosporin C, the capacity was more than doubled from 25-50 g/L for the HP series (Mitsubushi Kasei Corp.) to 90-120g/L for Sepabeads. The Streamline adsorbents for proteins were introduced in 1993 (Pharmacia) and also feature a well-defined density of 1.2 g/L achieved by inclusion of an inert core material m the matrix. 

Polysaccharides Sephadex G-50, G-lOO, G-200, Bio-Gel P-6 P-100, styrene divinyl-benzene-based size-exclusion resins (e.g., Bio-Gel SEC), and their DEAE-bonded material... 

Zeohtes also have considerable application as catalysts. Iron in the +3 oxidation state is introduced by ion-exchange methods [103]. However, attempted adsorption of Fe " " ions causes complete breakdown of the structure with any retained iron being in the +3 state. Dehydration of the zeolite causes non-reversible reduction of the iron. Adsorption of Fe salts on ion-exchange resins of the sulphonated styrene-divinyl benzene and quaternary ammonium types has httle effect on the iron resonances and indicates very weak binding of the ions to the resin [104]. Spin-relaxation effects and temperature-dependent paramagnetic hyperfine structure have been recorded and interpreted in detail for Fe ions adsorbed on exchange resins [105, 106], and a number of other recent papers have shown interest in this new field [107]. 

The two insoluble compounds precipitate and are removed from the water by filtration. Thus by the successive usage of cation and anion-exchange resins sodium chloride could be removed from water. An example of a cation-exchange resin is sulfonated styrene-divinyl-benzene polymer and an anion-exchange resin can be made by chloromethylating styrene-divinyl copolymer and replacing the chlorines with tr i me thy1ami ne. 

A /i-styragel (styrene-divinyl benzene microparticulate resin), 122 cm x 7.8 mm trichloromethane, flow rate 2 cm min 100 pX chicken fat in trichloromethane... 

Millar, J. A., Smith, D. G., Marr, W. E., and Kresmarm, T. R. E. Solvent modified polymer networks. Part 1. The preparation and characterization of expanded-networks and macro-porous styrene-DVB copolymers and their sulfonates. J Cherw Soc, pp. 218-225 (1963). Kun KA, Kunin R. Macroreticular resins III. Formation of macroreticular styrene-divinyl-benzene copolymers. JPolym Sci, PartAl, Polym Chem, 6,2689-2701 (1968). 

The Veriflex PSMP is a two-part resin system. Part A is composed of styrene, divinyl benzene and vinyl neodecanoate. Part B is composed of benzoyl peroxide. The chemical stmcture for each component has been shown in Figure 3.2. The thermoplastic copolyester (CP) is composed of isopthalic acid, terepthalic acid and butane-1,4-diol. The chemical structure for each component is shown in Figure 6.11. 

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